Explain why biological treatment processes are more susceptible to failures due to variations in flow characteristics

Consider a galvanic cell based on the following line notation at standard conditions and 298K:

Sn | Sn²⁺ || Fe³⁺ | Fe

Which of the following changes WILL NOT change the potential of the cell?
Add equal amounts of water to each half cell
Replace the Fe electrode with a Pt electrode
Increase the concentration of Sn²⁺
Decrease the concentration of Fe³⁺
Replace the Sn electrode with a Pt electrod

Consider two 50 MW power generating plants. One plant is fueled by combustion of coal, the other by solar energy. Using the concept of exergy, explain why the ecological impacts of the solar power process are lower than the coal fired process. Use words and diagrams in your answer

Thermodynamics of KNO₃Solubility & Voltaic Cells

For each of the following processes, predict the sign (+ or - ) for ?H, ?S, and ?G. Explain your answers conceptually, not with calculations.

1. The decomposition of liquid water to give gaseous oxygen and hydrogen, a process that requires a considerable amount of energy.

2. Dynamite is a mixture of nitroglycerin, C₃H₅N₃O₉, and diatomaceous earth. The explosive decomposition of nitroglycerine gives gaseous products such as water, carbon dioxide, and others; much heat is evolved.

3. The combustion of gasoline in the engine of your car, as exemplified by the combustion of octane.      2 C₈H_18(g)+ 25 O_2(g)? 16 CO_2(g)+ 18 H₂O_(g)

how can you make caffeine melt (rather than sublime). Please explain

). A 15 wt% Na2SO4 solution is fed at the rate of 12 kg/min into a miser that initially holds 100 kg of a 50-50 mixture (by weight) of Na2SO4 and water. The exit solution leaves at the rate of 10 kg/min. Assume uniform mixing, which means that the concentration of the exit solution is the same as the concentration in the mixer. (a) What is the total mass in the mixer at the end of 10 minutes? (b) What is the concentration of Na2SO4 in the mixer at the end of 10 minutes? (c) How long will it take for the mass fraction of Na2SO4 in the tank to reduce to 0.35?

A mixture of ideal gases A (propane) and B (isopropanol) exist in a vapor-liquid equilibrium in a constant temperature and pressure container. Originally, there is 1 mol A and 1 mol B. The mol fraction of A in the gas phase is 76% and 22% in the liquid phase. Gases A and B start to flow into the system at constant flow rates (at the same constant T and P). The flow rate of A is 3 mol/s. a. Calculate the flow rate of B that will fill the container within 10 minutes such that the gas mixture has the same number of moles of A in the liquid and vapor phase (nA, vapor = nA, liquid). b. Calculate the molar composition of each phase at t=0 minutes and t=10 minutes.

Using the thermo. values listed in Appendix B (pg. A 5-7) of your textbook

CO(g): deltaH:-110.5(kJ/mol) deltaG:-137.2(kJ/mol) deltaS:197.5(J/mol*K)

CO2(g): deltaH: -393.5(kJ/mol). deltaG: -394.4(kJ/mol) deltaS: 213.7(J/mol*K)

CO2(aq) deltaH:-412.9(kJ/mol) deltaG: -386.2(kJ/mol) deltaS:121

H2(g): deltaH:0. delta G: 0. delta S:130.6   

(a) Calculate deltaS°, deltaH° & deltaG° for the vaporization of methanol, CH3OH:

(b) Is this phase transition spontaneous at room temperature (show your work) ?

(c) If the phase transition is not spontaneous at room temperature, at what higher temperature will it become spontaneous (show your work) ?

(d) Exactly what is the temperature that you calculated in part (c) called ?

Given information:

MgSO4: mass of crucible (26.41g) mass of crucible and hydrate (36.37 g) mass of crucible and anhydrate after heating (31.45 g)

CuSO4: mass of crucible (18.21g) mass of crucible and hydrate (30.16 g) mass of crucible and anhydrate after heating (27.89 g)

Show the calculations:

(1) Mass of hydrate used (2) Mass of anhydrate after heating (3) Mass of water driven off from hydrate (4) Percent water in the hydrate

(5) Number of moles of water driven off from the hydrate (6) Number of moles of adhydrate in the product (7) Mole ration of anhydrate to water

(8) Empirical formula of the hydrate

Distillates of benzene containing benzene 42 wt% and Toluene mixture 3000 kg/hr shall be distilled, so that the benzene of the distillate is 95 wt % and the Tolumen of 98 %. Find the D(mole/hr) and W (mole/hr). The molecular weight of benzene and Toluene is 78 and 92 respectively.

Calculate the pH at the equivalence point in titrating 0.110 M solutions of each of the following acids with a solution 0.090 M in NaOH.

HClO2

HBr

Illustrate how is the zeroth law of thermodynamics used to define temperature scales?

does background radiation affect rate constant and impact the order of the reaction? so if the background radiation was recorded as a large number would it affect the rate constant and order of the reaction in an experiment?

For pH differential method, how to convert anthocyanin content (mg/L to mg/g) ? Show the calculation for example

28mg/L to mg/g.

What usually would be the total anthocyanin content (TAC) from butterfly pea ?

Ethanol (EtOH) can be produced by the hydration of ethylene, C2H4 + H2O ? C2H5OH, at 300?C and high pressure with a phosphoric acid catalyst. Downstream of the reactor, a condenser is used to separate the product, which contains only EtOH and H2O, from a recycle stream that mixes with the fresh feed before entering the reactor. The fresh feed contains 30 mol% C2H4 and the remainder is steam. The single pass conversion is 20%.
a. Draw and label the process flowchart. (4)
b. Determine how many moles of product are produced per mole of fresh feed. (5)
c. Determine how many moles of ethylene are recycled per mole of fresh feed. (4)
d. What is the overall conversion of ethylene? (2)
e. If inert species are present in the feed, what other type of stream will be required in the process? (2)