Question

1. identify properties involved in maintaining homeostasis in order to recognize how certain factors contribute to cancer

2. recognize the complexity of cancer and assess current approaches for screening, diagnosis, and treatment in order to adopt appropriate lifestyle strategies

3. apply knowledge of causes, development, and progression of cancer to ask questions and make informed decisions about personal and public health

This individual project will be on a particular topic related to cancer that interests the student and gains prior approval of the instructor via email during week 4 of class. You may either choose to write an 8-pjage 1" margin, 14pt Times New Roman, double-spaced, citations/title page NOT included in the length paper OR record a 15 minute video presentation about your topic of choice and submit your reference list in the submission folder. 

Please please!!!!! don't forget the reference

Answer 1

Homeostasis is maintained mainly by nervous and endocrine system,nervous system helps by controlly the activities of body and endocrine system by secreting hormones so that all the activities can be properly regulated

It thereby maintains a proper equilibrium and balance in the activities of the body

For example say The respiratory system,if high concentration of CO₂ has accumulated in the body,so this excess of CO₂ in blood plays as a triggering factor and the body compensates by enabling fast breathing,this leads to exhalation by lungs which is more frequently thereby removing the carbon dioxide from the body

Now,homeostasis is maintained by Negative and Positive Feedbacks

negative feedback which means that when a high level of particular hormone is reached it may lead to inhibition of further secretion of that hormone,eg when your skin is too hot,your body makes it to sweat therby leading to dilatation of blood vessels and decrease in body temp

positive feedback can be explained when the baby sucks the mothers nipple,there is positive feedback sent to the hypothalamus leading to secretion of prolactin

Now,when homeostasis is maintained the body is in equilibrium and its disruption will lead to disease or death( cancer)

What is cancer? when cells of our own body show uncontrolled growth, now when homeostasis is maintained there is proper cell growth and their division takes place simultaneously but which is in control

Normally,The cells are either in interphase(means cells grow,they replicate DNA,performing cell function) (about 90%) and mitosis in which cells divide(spending aroung 10% of their time in mitosis)

not all the cells perform mitosis frequently like the brain cells, but few do like the hair follicle cells(leading to hair growth(this is maintained by the body"s homeostatis mechanism) Mitosis is performed to repair the damaged cells

Cancer develops when there is imbalance in the body systems due to deficiency or accumulation of toxins( excretory system)that poisons the cell. May be due to exposure to certain radiation leading to mutation of cells and developing cancer= thereby undergoing frequent mitosis

The body responds to these cells in first line by undergoing apoptosis,programmed cell death

Rish factors may be improper diet,genetic,hormonal imbalance,obesity

Screening for cancer:- Depending on type of cancer,there are advanced screening tests

For eg:- For Breast cancer screening we have mammography,MRI,Ultrasound

Most importantly For Uterine,cervical,endometrial cancer we have PAP SMEAR- which is a screening test in which scraping of endometrium is obtained and stained with pap stain, thereby differentiating between normal an cancer cells

It is advised that every women over 45 years of age must undergo this screening test for early diagnosis and cure

Diagnosis for cancer- Tissue Biopsy,needle biopsy,clinical examination of the tumour,Complete blood count may be done for bllod cancer or a bone marrow biopsy( biopsy is removing a sample of tissue and observing it under microscope)

Treatment:- It depends on the stage of cancer

for eg:- If there is a breast cancer detected and it ha not yet spread(metastasis) surgical removal of the tumour may be done or along with lymph node removal (Radical mastectomy)

Mostly Chemotherapy and Radiation therapy are ideal

The severe grades, late stages of cancer mostly can be palliative

References:- Manipal Manual Of surgery(second edition) by Dr K.Rajgopal Shenoy

Textbook of Pathology by Dr Harish Mohan

Essentials of Medica Philosophy

Wikipedia Martin Elizabeth A dictionary of biology