Question

Histamine-2 (H2) Antagonists

Actions

Indications

Pharmacokinetics

Contraindications

Known allergy

Adverse Effects

Drug-to-Drug Interactions

Antacids

•Actions

•Indications

•Contraindications

•Caution

•Adverse Effects

•Drug-to-Drug Interactions

Proton Pump Inhibitors

•Actions

•Indications

•Pharmacokinetics

•Caution

•Contraindications

•Adverse Effects

Answer 1

Histamine-2 (H2) Antagonists

Actions: Surpress secreation of gastric acid

Indications:

1. Alleviate symptoms of heartburn and assist in preventin complications of peptic ulcer disease
2. Prevent stress ulcers and reduce the reccurrence of all ulcers
3. Promote healing in gastroesophageal reflux disease

Pharmacokinetics: 1-4 hours (depends on dose)

Contraindications: Hypersensetive clients, should be used with caution in clients with impaired renal or hepatic function

Adverse Effects: Mental confusion, agetation, psychosis, depression, anxiety and disorientation

Drug-to-Drug Interactions: Antacids can reduce the absorption of Histamine-2 (H2) Antagonists like cimetidine

Antacids

Actions: It reacts chemically with the gastric acid and lower the acidity of gastric contents

Indications: Duodenal ulcers, gastritics and reflux esophagitis

Contraindications: kidney disease with reduction in kidney function, Diarrhea, low amount of phosphate in the blood, Hemorrhoids

Caution: in case of liver or kidney problems, if the client is on low sodium diet or is on thyroid medication

Adverse Effects:

1. Antacids may cause dose-dependent rebound hyperacidity and milk-alkali syndrome.
2. Antacids that contain aluminum hydroxide may cause constipation, aluminum-intoxication, osteomalacia, and hypophosphatemia.

Drug-to-Drug Interactions: The effect of the medicine may also last longer if taken with food. Antacids can affect how well other medicines work, so don't take other medicines within two to four hours of taking an antacid.

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Actions: Suppress gastric acid scretion

Indications: Active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis, and pathological hypersensitivity

Pharmacokinetics: PPIs have about 1hour of elimination half-life.

Caution: ask the doctor : about the dosage, if the medication is being used for more than a year, if any liver problems, low magnesium levels in blood, if over the age of 50

Adverse Effects: GI disturbances, dizziness and drowsiness