Question

Songbirds living in cities experience lower fitness than songbirds living in rural areas.

1. Create a hypothesis to explain the observation.
2. Design an experiment to test this hypothesis.
3. Make a prediction about your result.

Answer 1

Urban habitates and landscapes are markedly diffrent from nonurban natural habitates.The major diffrence is transformation of the land,from natural green to anththropogenic structures and imprevious surfaces.

To survive in the urban habitat ,birds are forced to either accept or avoid the new conditions.And the urban sprawl has led to a highly fragmented landscape,with iselets of suitable bird habitat surrounded by highways and buildings that frequently acts as barrier.And the mobile radiation alsi acts as a barrier.These altered condition may causes to the biodiversity.And the urban dwelling species shows pronounced phenotypic differences ie, in morphology,behaviour and physiology.

Phenotypic changes have been linked to specific urban selective drivers eg; air pollution,artificial light at night,noise, different kinds of food,different predation pressure and human disturbances.

* For studying the differences between rural and cities birds charecters we can construct an experiment that include the following steps .

1 collect a specific number of birds in a same species

2.divide into two category rural and cities .Both have include same number of species.

3. species spread over on both landscape as rural and cities.

4. observe the changes of birds nature in specific intervel of time

5.Make the reports.

In this report may show that most of the birds in the cities are differ from their charecter in such as morphology,behaviour when compare with rural ones.And also may produce phenotypic differ and it will results in the next generation.