Question

1)I want essay about mood disorders and suicide.?

2) I want essay about substance related and addictive disorders?

3)I want essay about somatic symptom and related disorders?

please send typing answer because I don't understand handwriting.Thanks

Answer 1

1) Mood Disorders:

- Group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.

- Severe alterations in mood for long periods of time.

- Soaring elation or deep depression.
- Abnormal mood is the defining feature.
- Also called affective disorders.

* Mood disorders is differentiated in terms of two characteristics:

1) SEVERITY: number of dysfunctions experienced and relative degree of impairment evidenced in those areas.
2) DURATION: whether disorder is acute, chronic, or intermittent.

Unipolar depressive disorders:

- Person experiences only depressive episodes.

Bipolar disorders:

- Person experiences both mania and depressive episodes.

Mania:

- Intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria

depression.

- Feelings of extraordinary sadness and dejection

Mixed-episode cases:

- Individual may have symptoms of mania and depression during same time period.

Suicidal Ideation:

- Serious thoughts about committing suicide.

Suicidal Plans:

- The formulation of a specific method of killing oneself.

Suicidal Attempts:

- Efforts made to kill oneself.

2) Substance use disorder:

- Complex diseases of the brain represented by drug use, craving, and seeking regardless of consequences.

• Classes of drugs included under Substance-Related Disorders:

- Alcohol, Cannabis, Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Opiods, Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics, Stimulants, Tobacco.

Addiction:

- Obsession, compulsion, or loss of control with respect to use of a drug (e.g., alcohol), with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors that influence its development. Use of the drug continues despite the presence of related problems and a tendency to relapse after stopping use.

3) Somatic Symptom Disorder:

Criteria--

A) One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life

B) Excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns as manifested by at least one of the following:
1. Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one's symptoms
2. Persistently high level of anxiety about health or symptoms
3. Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns

C) Although any one somatic symptom may not be continuously present, the state of being symptomatic is persistent (Typically more than 6 months)

*Specify if:
1. With predominant pain
2. Persistent

Severity:
Mild
Moderate
Severe

Prevalence Rates---5-7%

Development and Course--

-In older individuals, somatic symptoms are common. However, can be underdiagnosed in older people because certain symptoms (fatigue and pain) can be considered part of normal aging. In children, the most common symptom are recurrent abdominal pain, headache, fatigue, and nausea.

A single prominent complaint is more common with children and they are less likely to worry about illness.

Risk Factors (Somatic Symptom Disorder)

-Temperamental: Personality trait of negative affectivity (neuroticism) has been identified as an independent risk factor. Comorbid anxiety or depression may exacerbate symptoms and impairment

-Environmental: More frequent in individuals with few years of education, low SES, and in those who have recently experienced stressful life events

-Course modifiers: Heightened attention to bodily sensations, reinforcing social factors such as illness benefits, psychiatric disorders (depression or anxiety)

Comorbidity--

- High rates of comorbidity with medical disorders as well as anxiety and depression disorders.