Question

Research the development of input and output devices in computers

Answer 1

Input Device

The input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, much like a TV. Examples of input devices are keyboard, webcam scanner, video capture device, and mouse. When the people use the keyboard to typing, the keyboard will send the data to the computer, the word will be shown into the monitor. Three-dimensional pointing and manipulation: A magnetic tracker can provide the three-dimensional analogue of the mouse or data tablet. Other technologies, such as ultrasonic ranging or video tracking, can also be used in this way. Speech input has been a long-standing area of research. Although the goal of continuous speech recognition remains elusive, unnatural, isolated-word speech recognition is appropriate for some tasks and even natural for communicating with a computer, rather than another human. Speech is often most useful in conjunction with other input media, providing an additional channel when the user is already occupied. (Driving a car and conducting a conversation is an everyday example.) Research into appropriate ways to combine modes and allocate subtasks to them would be useful. One specific area of user input technology that has recently come under investigation is eye movements. Eye movement-based input, properly used, can provide an unusually rapid and natural means of communication as well as a good example of the passive-sensing quality of the non-command interaction style.

Output Device

Output devices such as a monitor or printer make the information you input available for you to view or use. A display device is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information. The information shown on a display device is called soft copy because the information exists electronically and is displayed for a temporary period of time. Display devices include CRT monitors, LCD monitors and displays, gas plasma monitors, and televisions. While great strides have been made in graphical output resolution, the demands of high-performance user interaction are far from satisfied. An improvement in the realism of a three-dimensional display would be to permit the user to reach out and feel the displayed object. Visualization for abstract or non-geometrical data requires an additional step compared to the visualization of concrete physical objects. An appropriate concrete geometrical object or other such representation must first be designed for the data, one which effectively communicates information about the underlying non-geometrical data. Then, the representation must be produced on a display, as with conventional visualization work. It is not necessary to restrict the notion of "visualization" to visual displays. The basic idea of visualization is to put data into some representation perceptible to the user. This representation could be an entirely visual or visual plus, for example, audio or not visual at all (tactile plus audio). For example, a useful means for encoding information is in sounds. Typical computer systems use only a few simple beeps for alerts, but humans can glean considerably more meaning from simple sounds, both natural sound effects and artificially-conceived tones. It is possible to create the effect of a sound that comes from a specific location in three-space. One approach is simply to fill a room with independently addressable speakers. Olfactory output has not been used much, other than some erratic attempts in movie theaters (or perhaps the smell of burning circuit boards, the ultimate computer error message). Although it is a powerful means of communicating with people, olfactory output suffers from the technical difficulty of controlling it precisely over time, that is, displaying a single odor at a single point in time and then "clearing" the display.