Question

In: Nursing

1. Describe the test commonly ordered as cardiac enzymes 2. Explain the rationale for serial cardiac...

1. Describe the test commonly ordered as cardiac enzymes

2. Explain the rationale for serial cardiac enzyme blood specimen collections.

3. Examine potential sources of error for chemistry testing procedures.

Solutions

Expert Solution

1)Describe the test commonly ordered as cardiac enzymes

Cardiac enzymes are protien found in cardiac muscle.During heart attack,it released in the bloodstream and shows an elevated level when tested.

There are three types of cardiac enzymes.

  1. Troponin
  2. Creatinine phosphokinase
  3. Myoglobin

These are also called biomarkers.

1 Troponin : Troponin is mainly found in cardiac and skeletal muscles.There are 3 forms; they are Troponin T, Troponin I & Troponin C. Troponin T & I are cardiac specific enzymes whereas Troponin C is seen in skeletal muscle.Normal range is below 0.04 ng/ml. 0.04- 0.39 ng/ml means there is mild heart damage and above 0.40ng/ml shows likely to have myocardial infarction. If there is any heart muscle damage occurs, it elevate after 2-4 hours after the injury and remains in the blood upto 14 days.

2 Creatinine phosphokinase: CPK is a protein found in heart,brain and skeletal muscle.There are three forms ; CPK-MB(heart), CPK-MM (skeletal) and CPK-BB ( brain). When the heart muscle is injured, it releases gradually in the blood and the normal level is 10 - 120 mcg/l.

3.Myoglobin : Myoglobin is another protein found in blood when myocardial infarction occurs.It helps in muscle contraction by giving energy from the oxygen stored in High levels can be seen few hours after injury. Normal level 0-85 ng/ml.

2. Explain the rationale for serial cardiac enzyme blood specimen collections

Normally physician orders for Troponin I & CPK MB if they suspect a cardiac injury.Initially, it may be normal or mild above normal because these enzymes released into the blood stream after 2-4 hours of injury and peak of CPK-MB can be upto 2 days.Hence, doctors repeat these test in frequent intervals to confirm the injury.

3)Examine potential sources of error for chemistry testing procedures

It can be instrumental, environmental,human and analytical.


Related Solutions

1. Explain the effects of pressure,resistance, and venous return on cardiac output? 2. Describe how cardiovasculr...
1. Explain the effects of pressure,resistance, and venous return on cardiac output? 2. Describe how cardiovasculr Regulatory Mechanisms respond to changes in blood pressure and blood chemistry? (This answer must include how the ANS, endocrine system, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, all work wirh the cardiovascular system)
1.Describe structure and function of cell membrane. 2. Define enzymes and describe their function
1.Describe structure and function of cell membrane. 2. Define enzymes and describe their function
1.Apatient is having cardiac enzymes drawn to rule out a Myocardial Infarction. a) What are the...
1.Apatient is having cardiac enzymes drawn to rule out a Myocardial Infarction. a) What are the clinical indication and nursing implications for the following enzymes and their importance as a marker for Myocardial Infarction?   CK CK-MB Myoglobin and Troponin
1. Describe the physical manifestations most commonly associated with the various shock states. 2. Describe prevention...
1. Describe the physical manifestations most commonly associated with the various shock states. 2. Describe prevention approaches that can be instituted in the critical care environment. 3. How does the heart work? 4. What causes of increased preload of the blood? 5. What causes of decreased preload of the blood?
In 2-3 sentences, describe howto do a serial dilution of a 1x 10-3Msolution to obtain 1...
In 2-3 sentences, describe howto do a serial dilution of a 1x 10-3Msolution to obtain 1 L of a 1x 10-9M solution. (Include necessary volumes and equipment.)
1. Scores on an endurance test for cardiac patients are normally distributed with a mean of...
1. Scores on an endurance test for cardiac patients are normally distributed with a mean of 182 and a standard deviation of 24. What is the probability that a patient has a score above 170? 0.1915 0.3085 0.4505 0.6915 2. The number of interviews received within a month by TSU business graduates is normally distributed with a mean of 8 interviews and a standard deviation of 2 interviews. 75% of all graduates receive more that how many interviews? 7.45 8.31...
Describe the path of the conduction system within the heart Explain the difference of a cardiac...
Describe the path of the conduction system within the heart Explain the difference of a cardiac catheterization of the right side of the heart versus the left side of the heart. List the laboratory tests commonly used to diagnose cardiac disorders. Describe the formation of lesions in the development of atherosclerosis.
question 1. explain the different role of a nurse during cardiac resuscitation question 2 why is...
question 1. explain the different role of a nurse during cardiac resuscitation question 2 why is it important to be certified in basic life support, question 3 what team members are involved during a cardiac arrest situation, as well as what documentation is required and debriefing post-cardiac arrest/ code blue situation.
1.Describe the effects of the sympathetic nerves on cardiac muscle during contraction and relaxation. 2.Define preload,...
1.Describe the effects of the sympathetic nerves on cardiac muscle during contraction and relaxation. 2.Define preload, afterload, and contractility. 3.Describe the spread of excitation from the SA node through the rest of the heart. 4.Red blood cells have a lifespan of 120 days. What happens to the blood cell when it dies? Discuss the locations of death, by-products, and formation of RBC. 5.Describe the process of chemotaxis or emigration.
Describe the 3 types of membranes commonly used to separate the test solution from the internal...
Describe the 3 types of membranes commonly used to separate the test solution from the internal reference electrode.
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT