Question

Describe the path of the conduction system within the heart

Explain the difference of a cardiac catheterization of the right side of the heart versus the left side of the heart.

List the laboratory tests commonly used to diagnose cardiac disorders.

Describe the formation of lesions in the development of atherosclerosis.

Answer 1

path of the conduction system within the heart

The main components of the cardiac conduction system are the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers. ... From there, the signal travels to the AV node, through the bundle of His, down the bundle branches, and through the Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract.

Components of the Cardiac Conduction System

The sinoatrial (SA) node is a collection of specialised cells (pacemaker cells), and is located in the upper wall of the right atrium, at the junction where the superior vena cava enters. These pacemaker cells can spontaneously generate electrical impulses

2)

.The test is also called pulmonary artery catheterization. A right heart catheterization is different than a left heart catheterization (coronary angiography), which is used to check for blockages in your arteries.

doctor uses cardiac cath to: Check for heart disease (such as coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, or disease of the aorta) Check how your heart muscle is working. Decide whether you need further treatment (such as an interventional procedure or bypass surgery)

Left heart catheterization is the passage of a thin flexible tube (catheter) into the left side of the heart. It is done to diagnose or treat certain heart problems.

right-heart cath, your doctor guides a special catheter (a small, hollow tube) called a pulmonary artery (PA) catheter to the right side of your heart. He or she then passes the tube into your pulmonary artery. This is the main artery that carries blood to your

3)

Common medical tests to diagnose heart conditions

Blood tests. When your muscle has been damaged, as in a heart attack, your body releases substances in your blood. ...

Electrocardiogram (ECG) ...

Exercise stress test. ...

Echocardiogram (ultrasound) ...

Nuclear cardiac stress test. ...

Coronary angiogram. ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ...

Coronary computed tomography angiogram (CCTA)

4)

lesions of atherosclerosis consist of subendothelial accumulations of cholesterol-engorged macrophages, called 'foam cells'. ... Because of differences in blood flow dynamics, there are preferred sites of lesion formation within the arteries.

Atherosclerosis is the pathologic process of lipid accumulation, scarring, and inflammation in the vascular wall, particularly the subendothelial (intimal) space of arteries, leading to vascular wall thickening, luminal stenosis, calcification, and in some cases thrombosis.