Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:

- Total stations cannot be used to find the difference in elevation between points. (      )

- In circular curves, the station of point of tangency PT is the station of point of intersection PI plus the tangent distance T. (        )

- In total stations, distance measurements are affected by temperature. (      )

- For a simple circular curve the lower the degree of curve the smaller is the radius. (      )

- Contour interval is the horizontal distance between two contour lines. (      )

You are a Structural Engineer working in a structural repair and rehabilitation consulting firm. You have been assigned to provide the answers and solutions for the following job: “Some cracks were observed on a suspended reinforced concrete slab on an existing public building. As these cracks raised public concerns, the owner has decided to carry out a structural investigation into the cause of cracking to check the structural integrity and determine the remedial works to be done.” (a) Outline and explain the process of investigation that would be recommended to identify the causes of the cracks.

(b) State Four (4) possible causes of the cracks?

(c) Propose Three (3) suitable tests to estimate the in-situ concrete strength.

(d) From the investigation, it was found that the cracks are due to structural overloading. Recommend a method to strengthen the existing slab and suggest a method to repair the crack.

What is the Effect of septic tank leakage on shallow groundwater quality and its remedial measures?
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Thank you for your answer.
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Question 5. Classify the main rock types with their characterics features (also indicate main
subdivisions), and give examples for each one.

Question 3. a) Write the geological times with its colours and symbols
b) What are the meanings of geological times, give some examples, and explain
why it is important to know geological times.

Question 2. a) What are the differences between element, crystal and mineral? Draw the
simplified crystal system shapes.
b) Write the physical properties of minerals and mohs hardness scale.

Consider a freeway with two lanes and capacity of 2000 veh/h/lane, jam density of 60 veh/km/lane and a triangular fundamental diagram. Traffic is moving with the flow of 3000 veh/h and the space mean speed of 100 km/h. At 10:00 a.m., a traffic crash occurs that blocks one lane for half an hour. Using shockwave analysis, answer the following questions. a. Draw the space-time diagram with shockwaves and traffic states (trajectories not needed). [2 marks] b. At time t = 10:30 a.m., Jack enters the freeway via an upstream on-ramp, which is 20 km away from the accident location. Does Jack experience congestion? If yes, what time does Jack start driving at a lower speed? [3 marks]

A wastewater treatment plant with activated-sludge process treats wastewater for 120,000 m3/d. The effluent standard for both BOD and TSS is 20 mg/L. Influent TSS concentration is 450 mg/L and influent BOD concentration is 220 mg/L. MLSS concentration is 3500 mg/L (Assume no nitrification and temperature is 20°C). Determine: (20 pts) (a) Influent BOD and TSS concentration to the aeration tank if the treatment efficiencies in primary clarifier are 30% and 70% for BOD and TSS, respectively. (b) Determine sludge production as kg TSS/d (c) What is the design volume and retention time of the aeration basin (m3)? (d) Determine the F/M ratio in units of kg BOD5/kg MLVSS-day.
(According to your design you can assume some parameters i.e SRT but do not forget to check both your assumptions and your results are in the desirable design conditions)

An anaerobic stabilization pond is designed for a residential area have a population of 8000 (wastewater production is 225 L/day-capita). Pond is designed as a facultative pond and maturation pond in series. The BOD of raw sewage is 180 mg/L, the influent FC is 106 FC/100 mL and the operating temperature is 12°C. The effluent BOD concentration should be lower than 20 mg/L. Design completely both ponds using the relevant information and assumptions to provide an efficient design.

Design a reinforced concrete steel rectangular tie column with ACI standards, total LL = 14.0625 kips, total DL = 18.95625kips, cross-section 12in by 12 in, Hight of column 12ft. Show all the steps and which table used. Assume the information which is not given with justifications. Show drawing as well. If the high is not suitable you can change it.

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With regard to the queueing system, please answer the following questions:

a.   Identify 4 (four) measures of performance of the queueing system.
b.   Which measure is considered the most important for the service company? Why?
c.   Referring to the Dupit case as discussed in class, please state at least 2 (two) recommendations that can effectively shorten the waiting time in the queue, Wq. How do you choose the best recommendation? Which factors do you consider? Explain.