PROCUREMENT METHOD
There are a number of different types of procurement routes available for clients to select. Each different type of procurement (Traditional, Design and Build, Construction Management, etc) has its own advocates and inherent strengths and weaknesses. Describe in detail the most suitable procurement to be used based on the scenario below.
“An experienced business client intends to construct a building to accommodate the research and development activities of his organisation. The technically complex nature of the project requires sophisticated features to be incorporated in to the design and construction of the intended building. Critically evaluate the suitability of the traditional procurement route to deliver this building”. |
The explanation shall include the definition of the suitable type of procurement method, its characteristic, and the reason for selection. You may use figures to explain it.
In: Civil Engineering
What all factors an engineer must consider for designing a retaining wall to retain a soil of height 10m? How those factors are different for a cohesionless soil, a cohesive soil and a saturated soil?
In: Civil Engineering
An amount of P 250,000 is now deposited into a savings account that earns 12% compounded continuously for the school requirements of a civil engineering student on the succeeding 5 years from now. If the every year the student will withdraw P 51,651 from this account, how many years would the deposit lasts?
In: Civil Engineering
How shape and size of soil particles influence the properties of soil? Justify your answer with appropriate examples. (Mention minimum two properties and corresponding justifications)
In: Civil Engineering
Equal – quarterly deposits of P 2,000 for 2 years which starts immediately is made at a savings account that earns 4% compounded quarterly. What is the amount in the account when the last deposit is made? What is the amount in the account at the end of the last quarter?
In: Civil Engineering
: A wet soil sample with a water content of 15% and percentage air voids of 20% was oven dried. If the soil sample is cylindrical in dimension with length as 100 mm and diameter as 50 mm, then how much mass of water is present in the soil? Also calculate the mass of soil. Assume specific gravity of soil is 2.69 Interpret your answer and conclude how water content influences the unit weight of soil.
In: Civil Engineering
One proposal for treating water in developing country is for individual families to use a small, home made slow sand filter followed by storage of filtered water in a clear plastic bottle exposed to the sun for a day. Explain the purpose of the slow sand filter and the mechanism that disinfects the water.
( Please type the answers not hand writing )
In: Civil Engineering
: To determine the soil profile/layers in a site, as an engineer which all types of soil exploration method will you suggest? Also, how the details of soil exploration are made used to find the soil bearing capacity of the construction site.
In: Civil Engineering
Solve the given below problem and justify the statement, “When the degree of saturation of a soil sample is less than 100% then its water content also should be less than 100%” Problem: A soil sample has a diameter of 38 mm and a height of 76 mm. Its wet weight is 1.15 N. Upon drying its weight reduced to 0.5 N. In the wet state what was the degree of saturation and water content of the soil sample. Take ‘G’ as 2.7.
In: Civil Engineering
How the slope reinforcement is done by Rick bolting and Rock anchoring?
In: Civil Engineering
Directions for written assignment (about 150 words). Please answer these questions:
1. What are two of the visible impacts of the human response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment?
2. What are three of the "ten lessons the coronavirus has taught us about the planet"? Refer to the article: Degnarain 2020: Ten Lessons The Coronavirus Has Taught Us About The Planet
3. Which of these three do you think is the most important? Explain your reasoning.
In: Civil Engineering
I want to paraphrase for this papers.
The purpose of this report introduces a useful tool, which estimates dust emission and dispersion. DUSTRAN is dust emission and transport model developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. According to Shaw (2008), “(DUSTRAN), which calculates atmospheric dust concentrations that result from both natural and human activity.” We show three examples that it was applied to actual situations: dust concentration with observations of wind erosion in southeastern Washington, contaminated dust emission during high winds in southern Iraq, and transport of sea salt aerosols.
First, a research group (Shaw, et al., 2008) shows both the DUSTRAN algorithm and the comparison of simulated dust concentration with data at the site. The measurements were made in southeastern Washington to monitor site recovering after a fire that occurred in 2001.The DUSTRAN has a dust emissions model for calculating emissions due to both natural and human activity. Moreover, it makes possible to get dust emission for specific particle size such as PM2.5, PM10, and so on. They also explain (Shaw, et al., 2008) the calculation of the atmospheric concentration of particulate matter caused by wind erosion, and it requires soil composition, characteristics of the soil crust vegetation cover, and soil moisture. They concluded that the comparisons had provided availability of the DUSTRAN as to estimate dust emission, however, they also suggested the importance of soil moisture data and the weakness of the DUSTRAN that it tends to overestimate PM10 when dust concentrations are low.
Second, Zannetti, Daly, & Freedman (2015) applies it to air pollution problems at Qarmat-Ali, Basra, Iraq, during 2003. Before their study, the soil had been contaminated by sodium dichromate. Since people who worked at the site have claimed that their health was threatened by exposure to dust contaminating hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], they tried to build a model of the situation. To estimate the Cr(VI) concentration in the soil, they used the AERMOD model and the DUSTRAN model. The AERMOD model was used to calculate the ambient concentration of PM10/Cr(VI). While the AERMOD is widely used in the scientific field as a certain technique for estimating atmospheric transport of pollutants, including particulate matter and any material attached to particles, the author describes that “the AERMOD model is routinely used without any additional recalibration with local data, ...” (Zannetti, Daly, & Freedman, 2015). As an improvement of this point, they combined the DUSTRAN that determines the wind erosion at the local site with it. To calculate the emission rate of dust due to wind erosion, DUSTRAN gives a threshold value which depends on three parameters extracted from a local data: the soil moisture, the soil composition, and the surface roughness. If the wind velocity is larger than the value of the threshold, it assumes that dust is emitted from a source area. In addition to calculating the amount of the dust emission, DUSTRAN provides estimations of the particle size distribution in the dust. And then, DUSTRAN can estimate the amount of particulate matter contained in the dust emission. They finally concluded that they were able to perform a partial validation of the model which is combined generally used model (AERMOD) and the wind erosion process (DUSTRAN), by comparing the simulation outputs with measurement data at the site.
Third, Jensen and his research group (Jensen, et al., 2016) proved the ability of DUSTRAN to model the transport of sea salt aerosols (SSA). By comparing their results from the DUSTRAN simulations with meteorological data taken at the near coast Maine Yankee Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and the Environmental Protection Agency-measured CASTNET data from Acadia National Park (NP). As mentioned above DUSTRAN includes dispersion models, however, it is not specialized to a specific matter. The author tried to apply it and evaluate its potential for the modeling of chloride particulate matter by using one of the general dispersion models: CALPUFF which is suitable for mid-size domains of up to 200 km. The author concluded that “Comparisons of simulated and measured data have provided encouragement as to the potential practical value of DUSTRAN in predicting the dispersion of atmospheric chloride from the SSA” (Jensen, et al., 2016). The author mentioned, more experimental data and multiple data sets for DUSTRAN’s input may improve accuracy of a simulation. In conclusion, we have studied applications of DUSTRAN, a dust dispersion modeling system developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, to actual problems: dust concentration with wind erosion in southeastern Washington, contaminated dust emission in southern Iraq, and transports of salt salt aerosols. Each research applied a general dispersion model included in the DUSTRAN system to simulate own situation, and proved the potential of it to estimate the concentration of dust containing an interesting matter such as hexavalent chloride, PM10, and chloride. To get precise results, however, these researches pointed out the importance of the local data measurements at the site. Because wind velocity and the soil moisture contribute to the emission rate simulation, local measurements at the site should be done carefully not to make lacks of data. Finally, as an application of DUSTRAN to nuclear study fields, it has a possibility to simulate an atmospheric transportation of dust containing a radionuclide after an accidental release from nuclear facilities. In this case, it also needs a local meteorological data, so tireless efforts of measurements are an essential factor for simulation.
References
Jensen, P., Tran, T., Fritz, B., Rutz, F., Ross, S., Gorton, A., . . . Trainor, K. (2016). Preliminary Evaluation of the DUSTRAN Modeling Suite for Modeling Atmospheric Chloride Transport. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health,10(1), 25-31. doi:10.1007/s11869016-0404-5
Shaw, W. J., Allwine, K. J., Fritz, B. G., Rutz, F. C., Rishel, J. P., & Chapman, E. G. (2008). An evaluation of the wind erosion module in DUSTRAN. Atmospheric Environment,42(8), 1907-1921. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.022
Zannetti, P., Daly, A. D., & Freedman, F. R. (2015). Dispersion modeling of particulate matter containing hexavalent chromium during high winds in southern Iraq. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65(2), 171-185. doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.981317
In: Civil Engineering
What is rock instability, sliding blocks and give the types of land slides.
In: Civil Engineering
An interchange ramp is being designed to reach its high point after climbing for 2000 feet with a grade of +6%.Use the Deceleration/acceleration curves to answer the following:
A.What is the critical length of grade for this ramp based on the 10 mph speed reduction definition?
B.What would be the speed of a fully loaded truck at the top of the ramp if it enters the ramp at 60 mph?
C.If the ramp descends from its high point for a distance of 1000ft at a rate of -1%, what would the speed of the truck in part B be at the bottom?
In: Civil Engineering
Problem 2. A 25-foot wide rectangular channel with Manning’s n of 0.025 is carrying 5000 cfs. The slope of the channel is 0.05% (0.0005 ft/ft). At a specific point, the slope changes abruptly to 5%. Using the direct step method, calculate the profile upstream of the break in slope, extending upstream to a point where the depth is within 5 percent of normal depth. (That means the final depth in your direct step method is between 0.95 and 1.05 times normal depth.) Classify the flow profile (M-1, S-1, etc.).
Please write step by step solution
In: Civil Engineering