Describe the five different techniques demonstrated.

Background

Non-Destructive Testing During the design process great care must be taken to match the design to the application. This process involves, among others, material selection, material processing, and service condition analysis. As we have found through the material outlined in the text a great number of decisions have to be made during the design process to insure that the product meets all of the needs of the application. Once a product is produced we must evaluate its quality to determineio9 if the design is successful. Destructive testing will give us some information about component properties, but requires the loss of the product. Some types of destructive testing can also be impractical for large components. In some instances only a small number of components are actually produced and destruction of any of the parts may be too costly. Nondestructive techniques are used to evaluate the quality of components without the sacrifice of the part. These methods can be used together with fracture toughness information to evaluate whether flaws will cause crack propagation or can be used to monitor the growth of cracks that could result in fatigue failure. The simplest nondestructive test method, abbreviated NDT, is a visual inspection. Often this visual inspection can reveal cracks or other flaws such as in welds or castings or other production problems.

Many quality problems at the surface may be invisible to the naked eye or may exist hidden in the interior of the component. For these hidden or microscopic flaws other techniques are used.

These techniques include:

Magnetic-Particle inspection               Inductive (eddy current) inspection

Fluorescent-Penetrant inspection         Radiographic inspection

Dye Penetrant inspection                     Acoustic-Emission inspection

Ultrasonic inspection

A 240 hp (power-shift) dozer is used in a pushing operation. The dozer is equipped with a straight blade. The material (dry and noncohesive) weighs 98 pcf in the bank state. It is estimated the material will swell 6%, from bank to loose state. The center-of mass-to-center-of-mass pushing distance is 200 ft. Job efficiency can be assumed to be equivalent to a 45-min hour. Calculate the production in bey per hour and the direct cost of the proposed earthmoving operation in dollars per bey. The company's normal O&O cost for these machines is $95 per hour and the operator's wage is $15.00 per hour plus 40% for fringes, insurance, and worker's compensation.

Give design criteria or basis for designing a foundation project

A highway contractor has opened a cut in fine silty sand (SM). Because of the cut location and lack of drainage, surface water has drained into the cut, leaving the material very wet. Rubber-tired scrapers are hauling material from the cut to an adjacent fill. The material is being placed in the fill in 20 to 25cm lifts and compacted by heavy sheep foot roller towed by a crawler tractor. It is apparent that the specified compaction (95% of standard AASHTO density) is not being attained. The sheep foot roller not “walking out and scraper tires are causing the compaction problem? What would you suggest to the constructor to improve the compaction process? Ideally, concrete should be poured at temperatures between 16°C and 38°C.

Discuss the strategic considerations for MRT decisions with respect to planning, finance, management and pricing.

Transportation Engineering
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describe the difference between yield stress and ultimate stress of a steel element

Why is grit removal important as a procedure in wastewater plants?If conventional grit removal systems are designed to remove particles larger than 0.210 mm and specific gravity of 2.65, why are particles this size and larger often found downstream? Explain.

In chemical disinfection of drinking water,what is breakpoint chlorination? Explain.

Situation: The town of Waterville has the following past population data projected beyond 1990.

Year                 1900    1910    1920    1930    1940    1950    1960    1970    1980    1990   

Population       10,240 12,150 18,430 26210 22,480 32.410 45,050 57,200 64,030 77,320

The average water consumption (including every possible sector) is 160 gal/cap-day in 2005. The town has a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with a treatment capacity of 20 MGD. Due to the rapid growth of the population, the town is planning to build a new WWTP assuming that the old WWTP will not be used any more after the new WWTP is operating.

Requirements: You are hired by the town as an engineer to do the planning. You need to (1) estimate the future populations using any reasonable method; (2) estimate the future wastewater generation rate (e.g., in the units of gal/cap-day); (3) estimate the initial year and design year of the new WWTP; (4) the average, maximum, and minimum daily and hourly flow rates for the initial and design year under both dry and wet weather conditions; (5) assume that the wastewater generated by the town is of medium strength, estimate the BOD₅, COD, SS, VSS, TKN, Total P, and alkalinity (as CaCO₃) in the raw wastewater to be treated by the new treatment plan.