What is the purpose of a throttling valve? What are the implications of having a throttling valve prior to the pump inlet? Explain in terms of NPSH.

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A process to remove contaminant A includes two independent pipes flowing into a cylindrical reactor, and a single outlet port. The reactor has a diameter of 2.8 m and a height of 2 m. The flow in the larger of the inlet pipes is 2.5 m3/s and contains 50 μg/L of A. The smaller pipe also carries contaminant A at a rate of 5x104 μg/s. Under these conditions, the reactor’s outlet flow is 3.25 m3/s. Assuming that the removal of contaminant A follows first-order kinetics (k = 0.35 s-1): a) Sketch the described process and write a mass-balance equation for contaminant A around the entire control volume assuming the reactor behaves as an ideal CSTR. Calculate the steady-state concentration of A in the reactor, in μg/L. Answer: C=23.2 µg/m3 b) Calculate the flow and concentration of A in the smaller pipe, in m3/s and μg/L, respectively. c) If the smaller pipe inlet valve is suddenly closed so that its flow into the reactor is completely stopped, what is the new steady-state concentration of A in the reactor, in μg/L? Answer: C =18.4 µg/m3 d) How long does it take the contaminant A concentration to regain steady-state condition after this change? Express answer in seconds. Answer: t = 53.8 s

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A contractor has submitted a tender while specifying that it is available for acceptance for a

period of five weeks after the tender submission. However, the contractor withdrew its bid

after two weeks due to an unexpected rise in its workload. Can the owner recover the costs

for employing a different contractor? Explain.

The following laboratory tests are performed

a- Setting time test of cement paste samples

b- Compressive Strength of mortar cubes

c- What cement component (C₂S, C₃S etc.) plays most important role in each of the tests and why?

d- Which cement type will give you best and worst results for each of the tests? For compressive strength assume that it was run 3 days after casting

For a and b what are the significance and use of each of these tests

Using sketches and notes, explain how a “Brick Veneer Expansion Joint” is assembled and the primary function it performs.

Question 1

a) The terms “Efficiency” and “Effectiveness” are extremely important to the success of any construction project and the site manager. In your own words define and distinguish the meaning of the two terms with suitable examples with respect to a construction site in the UK.

b) Apply the two terms in your role as a construction site manager and illustrate how you would achieve the right balance between the two.

c) What other aspect of your work as a site manager in a construction site would you rank at the top of all other issues/activities/tasks and why?

In three sentences, describe the similarities between performance and prescriptive specifications as related to design-build.

Question 6

a. Using the example of brick laying in a construction site clearly explain the following:

i. Push or Building-to-stock

ii. Pull or Building-to-order

iii. Push-Pull Point

b. Define Supply Chain Management (SCM). List and explain some of the key benefits and challenges in SCM especially within the context of a Construction Manager.

c. What is Just-in-time (JIT) approach and where did it originate from? How does it help in the reduction/elimination of waste especially in the context of a construction project?

Construction Management and Site Management can be treated as two separate entities although with a very fine and at times obscure line dividing them.

Summarise to what extent the above statement is valid. Your discussion should specifically interpret and apply the above statement in the context of a large commercial construction project in the UK and distinguish the similarities and differences in the two roles and the duties discharged. Your arguments can be supported with practical examples, diagrams, etc.

The permittivity of a geotextile fabric to stormwater (15°C) is 0.05/sec. What would be the new permittivity if the stormwater was replaced by saltwater (also 15°C)? By gasoline? Be sure to cite where you found values for viscosity and density.