A reinforced concrete beam has square cross section (h × h).
There are 9 steel reinforcing bars (each of diameter ds), 3 evenly
spaced towards the top, 3 along the neutral axis, and 3 evenly
spaced towards the bottom. The vertical distance from the centre of
the bar to top (or bottom) edge of the section is called the cover,
and is denoted as e. It should be taken that ρsteel = 7850 kg/m3,
ρconcrete = 2350 kg/m3, Econcrete =...