An asphalt mixture has the following composition and properties: Bulk specific gravity = 2.31 Theoretical maximum specific gravity = 2.50 Coarse aggregate 65%, Bulk specific gravity = 2.72 Fine aggregate 30%, Bulk specific gravity = 2.66 Asphalt 5%, Specific gravity = 1.01

Calculate the following:

a. Bulk specific gravity of aggregates (Gsb);

b. Effective specific gravity of aggregates (Gse);

c. %Air void content (%AV);

d. Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA);

e. Voids filled with asphalt (VFA);

f. Percent asphalt absorption (Pba);

g. Find all the volumetric properties and mass quantities as indicated on the phase diagram and recalculate parts c, d, e, and f from this diagram.

Prestressing concrete systems are both unique systems developed by engineers to be used in collaborative with precast concrete and for a particular distinctive situation where the strength goes beyond ordinary precast concrete. Designing an overhead bridge which system of pre-stressed concrete will you chose for the construction and why? CR, 6

in an oil factory, a pipe (roughness = 0.85 mm & diameter 160 mm) carries a fluid (specific gravity of 0.95 & viscosity 0.0061 N.s/m2) at a rate of 109. L/s.

Determine;

a. Flow is laminar or turbulent

b. Friction factor f using explicit equation of Laminar or turbulent flow (Haaland equation)

c. The head loss

d. The shear stress at the pipe wall

e. Velocity 30mm from the centerline

f. The behavior of pipe whether fully rough, transitional, or smooth pipe

The receiving river in the spring months (with a temperature of about 10-15 °C) has no initial deficit in the outfall region of partially treated sewage with BOD_L of 18 mg/L and a decay coefficient of 0.21. Please locate the downstream river section where the maximum DO sag might occur. Will the water quality result in potential negative impacts on aquatic organisms in the river? Assuming that the re-aeration coefficient is 0.31 per day and the average water velocity is 0.4 m/s.

Not all water produced by suppliers is sold to customers. Some is used for other purposes and some is not paid for. Other amounts are "lost". What are those other purposes? Why might some water not be paid for? How does a utility lose water?

Hint: research the term Unaccounted for Water and use your findings to answer the three questions above. A good place to start is Water and Revenue Losses by Lynn P. Wallace, American Water Works Foundation, Dec. 1987.

Tunnel Problem

You are going to build a tunnel 10 miles long with a shaft at one end and a portal at the other. It is part of the first phase of the gateway tunnel to New York.

* The shaft is 185 ft. deep to the invert of the tunnel and 22 ft. excavated diameter.

* The tunnel is 26 ft. excavated diameter in competent sandstone and limestone.

* The profile of the shaft is as follows: From the surface down- 15 feet of fill; 30 feet of sand and clay; 20 feet of silty gravel; 40 feet of limestone and 80 feet of sandstone.

* Groundwater is 35 feet down.

* The tunnel runs for 5 miles in sandstone and 5 miles in limestone.

Determine the following:

1. Using a TBM, how long will it take to excavate the tunnel?

2. Will blasting need to be done anywhere? If so, where?

In the heat treatment of steel, when is tempering not required? (1 mark)

You are an engineer and you are required to design a self-compacting concrete mix. List 2 important considerations in your mix design. (1 mark)

Analyse the potential effects of climate on building design and services:

Critically analyse: - The potential effect of environmental resources to the building design and services - The potential effect of local climate on building design and services. Smart building.

Two zones A and B are to be connected via a direct high speed route as daily traffic movement between the residents of 02 zones are causing congestion to existing network.

1. Suggest and justify the type of survey needed to be conducted between 02 zones.
2. If all the movement is considered to be inter-zonal only i.e. from A to B & B to A only. What kind of traffic volume measuring technique is suitable? Reason your answer.
3. Design a household survey for estimating the trip originating from A to B (Assume the missing data).
   1. What kind of household surveying technique should be used if demographics are almost the same in the zone?
   2. What kind of household surveying technique should be used if demographics can be further classified within the zone?

protection and repair of steel structures ?

Assignment on an industry in which we have to discuss plant location primary factors secondary factors unit operation unit processes and block diagram...
Soap Industry

Comment on sources on uncertainty in culvert design and how would an engineer manage these uncertainties

In an air conditioning system, the inside and outside conditions of air are 25 °C DBT and 50%
RH, and 40 °C DBT and 27 °C WBT, respectively. The room sensible heat ratio is 0.8, while
50% of the room air is rejected to atmosphere and replaced with an equal quantity of fresh air
before entering the air conditioning apparatus. If the fresh air added is 100 m3
/min and the air
density is 1.2 kg/ m3 with zero air by-passing, determine: a) Room sensible and latent load, b)
Sensible and latent heat due to the fresh air, c) Apparatus due point, d) Humidity ratio and dry
bulb temperature of the air entering to the air conditioning apparatus. Ans. a) 53.96 kW,
14.04 kW; b) 30.67 kW, 39.73 kW; c) 11.8 °C; d) 0.0138 kg/ kg dry air, 32.5 °C

A large stream with a velocity of 0.85 m/s, saturated with oxygen, has a reoxygenation constant k2 = 0.4 day−1 and a temperature of T = 12oC, with an ultimate BOD = 13.6 mg/L and a flow rate Q = 2.2 m3 /s. Into this stream flows a wastewater stream with a flow rate of 0.5 m3/s, T = 26oC, L = 220 mg/L and oxygen level = 1.5 mg/L. Downstream the deoxygenation constant is k1 = 0.2 day−1 .

a) What is the dissolved oxygen 48.3 km downstream?

b) What will be the minimum dissolved oxygen? And at what distance from the outfall?