1.What is a code of practice and what is its
purpose in structural design?

2.List the principal sources of uncertainty in
structural design and discuss how these
uncertainties are rationally allowed for in
design.

3.The characteristic strengths and design
strengths are related via the partial safety
factor for materials. The partial safety
factor for concrete is higher than for steel
reinforcement. Discuss why this should be so

4. Describe in general terms the ways in
which a beam and column could become
unfit for use.

Rectangular pre-sedimentation tanks are to be used to remove grit and sand from river water in a water treatment plant that produces 24000 m3/d drinking water.

Use an overflow rate of 20 m3/m2.d and a weir loading rate of 220 m3/m.d   and a detention time of 4 hrs. A minimum of two tanks are to be used. Find the following:

a. The surface area of each tank.

b. Tank dimensions ( L*W*H), use width to length ratio of 4:1, Maximum length 40 m,

c. Find the required weir length. Suggest a configuration of weirs to achieve the required weir length if the tank width is not enough.

d. What is the horizontal velocity in the tank?

Consider modeling the following systems A-D:

A. The water system for a farm growing corn;

B. The energy system of the Engineering Building at a University

C. The food production system of a Detroit urban garden growing tomato;

D. The integrated food-energy-water system of one household.

Please describe 1 – 4) for each system:

1. The system boundaries (you can use graph to show system boundaries);
2. the main components of the system and functional interactions between components;
3. external factors and their interactions with the system; and
4. the most significant issues that might alter the stability of the system.

If the flow rate of soil waste is 205 GPM, what size drainpipe will be needed for:

a. A slope of 1/2 inch per foot of fall? What is the flow rate of the drainpipe selected?

b. A slope of 1 ∕8 inch per foot of fall? What is the flow rate of the drainpipe selected?

A 3 m tall, 30 m wide, road embankment made of rockfill with a unit weight of 20 kN/m3 is to be constructed over a 30 m thick normally consolidated clay layer resting on a very permeable fracture rock bed. The clay layer has a coefficient of consolidation cv=7 m^2/month, and a unit weight of γsat=18.5 kN/m3. The compression characteristics of the clay are mr=120, and m=12.

a) Determine the time required for the remaining consolidation to be 25 mm or less (allowing completion of the road surface) (hint what is U?).

b) How high should the surcharge embankment be to achieve the same consolidation in 6 months (to the nearest 0.5 m)?

c) What would the wick-drain spacing be to achieve the same results as in b) but with only half the surcharge height?

How did modern construction learn from ancient constructions, building materials and technologies? How could the oldest building materials be applied to today’s construction? Or could it be modified to fit our needs?

Design for britishcode 8110

Design a square pad footing for a 300 mm square column supporting a factored axial load of 800 kN. Safe bearing capacity of soil is 200 kN/m², f_cu=20 N/mm², f_y=415 N/mm².Design a square pad footing for a 300 mm square column supporting a factored axial load of 800 kN. Safe bearing capacity of soil is 200 kN/m², f_cu=20 N/mm², f_y=415 N/mm².

1. Solve quadratic equation Ax^2+Bx+C=0 using the quadratic formula x = (-B+ and - sqrt(B^2-4ac)) / 2a) and output the two solution with clear explanation

could you please do it in MATLAB

• · Assuming no earth atmosphere, what the expected temperature of the earth would be? How this temperature could be estimated?
• · Most notable CO2 monitoring station is at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Why the CO2 concentration changes with season during the year?
• · With current rate of CO2 addition to the atmosphere, assuming this rate is constant, how long it will take to double the CO2 atmosphere concentration?
• · What kinds of effect the global warming may have on the living environment of human being?
• · List 5 important greenhouse gasses.
• · What are the stabilization wedges? Can you list 5 of them?
• · Under the Paris Agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, what is the targeted temperature increase above pre-industrial levels the world try to limit to?

In the design of a multiple bay mill-type industrial building with a separate metal processing and finishing shops, what is the buildability criteria which you will use to base the structural lay-out and design of the building? Explain in details.

A rectangular concrete beam of width b= 600 mm, is limited by architectural considerations to a maximum total depth h= 400 mm. It = 542 kN.m. Design the umust carry a total factored load moment Mflexural reinforcement for this member, using compression steel if necessary. Allow 75 mm to the center of the bars from the compression or tension face of the beam. Material strengths are ??′=27.6 ??? ??? ??=413 ?? ?.
Select reinforcement to provide the needed areas, and show a sketch of your final design, including provision for No. 13 stirrups.