A siphon having 50 mm diameter draws Oil with γoil = 8.03 kN/m3 from a tank. Calculate the discharge and pressure at point B, assuming that head loss from section A to section B is 1.50 m, and section B to section C is 2.40 m. End of the pipe is open to the atmosphere.

Explain the process of “validation”, which is used when developing a model of an engineering system?

1. The back wall of the shed of Lab. 12a is to be supported by a reinforced concrete spread foundation. The distributed load on the wall is 316 lb/ft and a 10% self-weight allowance should be made for the wall. The studs inside the wall are spaced at 24” and the top of the footing is 12” below ground level. The concrete is to be made from 3 ksi concrete grade and reinforced with steel bar of 36ksi yield strength. Design the foundation for the wall. Take the soil bearing pressure capability as 2 ksf and the weight density of steel concrete as 150 lb/ft³ and that of the soil as 100 lb/ft³. The weight of steel reinforcement is considered negligible.

1. A short reinforced concrete column is subjected to a 1000 kN axial compressive load. The moduli of elasticity of plain concrete and steel are 25 GPa and 207 GPa, respectively, and the cross-sectional area of steel is 2% of that of the reinforced concrete. Considering the column as a structural member made of a composite material and subjected to load parallel to the steel rebars, calculate the following:

a. the modulus of elasticity of the reinforced concrete

b. the load carried by each of the steel and plain concrete

c. the minimum required cross-sectional area of the column given that the allowable compressive stress of plain concrete is 20 MPa and that the allowable compressive stress of plain concrete will be reached before that of steel.

d. Plot the stress-strain behavior for the steel fiber, concrete and composite on the same plot.

Which of the following statement is an incorrect observation from the Moody’s diagram?

A piston–cylinder device contains steam that undergoes a reversible thermodynamic cycle. Initially the steam is at 400 kPa and 350oC with a volume of 0.3 m3. The steam is first expanded isothermally to 150 kPa, then compressed adiabatically to the initial pressure, and finally compressed at the constant pressure to the initial state. Determine (a) the net work and heat transfer for the cycle after you calculate the work and heat interaction for each process and (b) show the cyclic process on a PV diagram

How to assemble an Acceleration Response Spectra according to design code ASCE-7

A series of consolidated, undrained triaxial tests were carried out on specimens of a saturated clay under no back pressure. The test data at failure are summarized:

Confining pressure kPa          Deviator stress kPa    Pore water pressure kpa

150                                                    192                                     80

300                                                    341                                     154

450                                                    504                                     222

1. Draw the mohr circles and find the cohesion and friction angle in terms of effective stresses.
2. Compute Skempton’s A-Parameter at failure for all three specimens
3. Is the soil normally consolidated or overconsolidated? Why?
4. Another specimen of the same clay that was consolidated under a cell pressure of 250kPa was to a consolidated , drained trial drained triaxial test. What would be the deviator stress at failure.

A series of consolidated, undrained triaxial tests were carried out on specimens of a saturated clay under no back pressure. The test data at failure are summarized:

Confining pressure kPa          Deviator stress kPa    Pore water pressure kpa

150                                                    192                                     80

300                                                    341                                     154

450                                                    504                                     222

1. Draw the mohr circles and find the cohesion and friction angle in terms of effective stresses.
2. Compute Skempton’s A-Parameter at failure for all three specimens
3. Is the soil normally consolidated or overconsolidated? Why?
4. Another specimen of the same clay that was consolidated under a cell pressure of 250kPa was to a consolidated , drained trial drained triaxial test. What would be the deviator stress at failure.

1. 500 mm thick square footing is to be placed at a depth of 0.5 m in a clayey sand where c^¢ = 10 kPa, f^¢ = 34^°, g = 19.0 kN/m³. The column load to be applied on the footing is 2000 kN. What should be the width of the footing?

What will be the length (L in meter) of a rectangular footing to support rectangular column 20x70 cm and carries a dead load of 625 kN and live load of 426 kN. The net allowable bearing pressure is 155 kPa. The design should be according to (ACI) code with the following parameters: fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 420 MPa.

The parameter most often used to characterize the response of a catchment to a rainfall event is the time of concentration.

1 . What are the two commonly accepted definitions of the time of concentration?

2. Describe the various methods used to estimate the time of concentration.

A simply supported beam 10-m long is acted upon by a uniformly distributed dead load of 20 kN/m and a uniformly distributed live load of 48 kN/m throughout its span.

Design the footings of each columns located at the supports using the following data

• Depth of Footing (D_f)                                                   =             1.20 meters
• Allowable Soil Pressure (q_all)                                      =             210 kPa
• Unit Weight of Soil (γ_s)                                                =             17 kN/m³
• Unit Weight of Concrete (γ_c)                                      =             24 kN/m³
• Design Compressive Strength of Concrete (f’_c)     =             27.6 MPa
• Yield Strength of Reinforcing Steel (f_y)                    =             276 MPa
• Use 16 mm diameter reinforcing bars for both footing and column.

Assume that:

• A square column with a dimension of 450 mm is located on the left support.
• A circular concrete column of 500 mm in diameter is located on the right support.
• Property line is located 0.50 meters from the left support and 2.0 meters from the right support.

Determine the following for the designed footings on the left and the right side of the beam:

1. Approximate thickness
2. Effective allowable bearing capacity
3. Dimension of the footing
4. Ultimate soil bearing capacity.
5. Minimum depth against One – Way Shear
6. Minimum depth against Two – Way Shear
7. Design and detail of reinforcement
8. Development length adequacy
9. Concrete bearing stress adequacy
10. Draw the footing in detail.

BONUS:

1. Minimum depth against Moment
2. Steel Ratio
3. Coefficient of Resistance