How does water in the granular backfill in the wall change /affect the design of an MSE wall?

a) Unit weight of granular fill

b) Total overturning/sliding forces

c) Corrosion rate of reinforcement

d) What would be your choice of soil behind the wall to minimize water-related problems.

What is the purpose of instrumentation of deep excavation projects? Explain briefly the following instruments and state what they measure.

a) Inclinometers

b)Piezometers

c)Extensometers

d)Strain gauges

Maximum Moment

Stress of the section where moment is maximum, assuming the effective Jacking Force to be 1000kN. Use three Methods:

Basic-concept Method

Load-Balancing Method

C-line Method

Lightweight Aggregate Production

1-how much of the materials should be melted at the sintering temperature selected in light aggregate production(what extent should the melting minerals?(feldspars etc.), how many of them protected their solid structures(water should not exceed)) What should these values be for minimum grain density and maximum compressive strength? Which materials can be used in this sense? how lightness and strength are affected when flying ash is used?

2-What should be optimum aggregate diameter in lightweight aggregate production? how the strength is affected when the size increases? how grain density is affected when the size increases?Why is that?According to which standard to lightweight aggregate strength test?

3-What is the effect of sintering time and temperature in light aggregate production

4-What should be the most appropriate drying process in light aggregate production?Why is that? Provide information on changes in light aggregate with drying(volume,strength etc.)

Advise when a contractor will not be in breach of a construction contract as defined under the Housing Grants Construction and Regeneration Act 1996, if he wants to stop work on a project due to non-payment.

1. Circle the correct statements:
   1. In steady flow, all properties of the flow remain constant with respect to time.
   2. Turbulent flow motion is irregular and predictable.
   3. Lagrangian flow description uses field representation of the flow.
   4. Streamlines are a series of curves drawn tangent to the velocity vectors.
   5. Equation of continuity describes the conservation of energy.
   6. In a control volume, the volume is conserved.
   7. Bernoulli equation describes the conservation of energy in a real fluid flow.
   8. Energy line shows the distribution of piezometric head.
   9. Hydraulic grade line shows the distribution of total head.
   10. Stagnation point is where the velocity becomes zero.

a) What is the best material to build a base and frame for a trebuchet other than using oak? Provide reasons and explanation. if possible, consider the price of the material

b) What is the best material to build an arm material for a trebuchet other than using pine wood? Provide reasons and explanation. If possible, consider the price of the material

QUESTION 5

If the flow hydrograph as listed in the Table Q5 passes through a stream reach from A to B, for which K = 8.0 hr and x = 0.3

1. Determine the peak outflow discharge at B. At t=0, the outflow discharge is 40 m³/s
2. Based on the inflow and outflow hydrograph, discuss the time lag required for the peak flood to reach the downstream area. Comment on the attenuation achieved.

Table Q5

write a research about maintenance and technical issues in running a wastewater treatment plant .

Q

QUESTION 2

The data in the table below was produced by a storm of 2-hour duration considered to have uniform intensity over a catchment. If the catchment area is 10,400 hectare, determine the unit hydrograph for the catchment.

Use fixed base separation method for the baseflow separation.

Table Q2

QUESTION 1

The daily stream flow data for a particular catchment having an area of 6500 km² are given in the table below. Separate the baseflow using Straight line method, Fixed base method, and recession Separation method.

Calculate the total direct runoff for each method.

Table Q1

1. the annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M city, over a 20year period are shown in the following table. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for this series.

2. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for the log values of annual rainfall for M City, given in Problem 1. Also determine the mean precipitation (in cm) of the log-transformed data.

Please clarify each step of the solution.

1. The annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M city, over a 20year period are shown in the following table. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for this series.

2. Annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M City, were given in Problem 1. Determine the magnitude of the 10-year precipitation depth if the data fit:

1. the normal distribution.
2. the Gumbel distribution.

How many times was the P10 (normal) exceeded in the 20-year annual precipitation record given in Problem 1 ?

Please clarify each step of the solution

Compare AASHTO with the ASTM and come with a conclusion which one is more restricted? And do you think it is a valid restriction? And is the restriction valid for our infrastructure durability ?