Make a comparison between using one Theodolite for layout different horizontal curves types and using Two Theodolite method, taking in consideration possible obstacles and the specialty between horizontal curves types

What are the key differences in analysis procedure for sway and now sway frames when using the slope deflection method? Can sketches also be made to better explain these differences

The Lolla Hart hospital has a small activated sludge plant to treat its wastewater. The average daily hospital discharge is 1,500 L per day per bed, and the average soluble BOD₅ after primary settling is 500 mg/L. Their permit dictates that the effluent BOD₅ and TSS cannot exceed 30 and 20 mg/L, respectively, on an annual basis. Assume the MLVSS concentration in the aeration basin will be maintained at 3,000 mg/L. Also, assume that the concentration of BOD₅ of the suspended solids is equal to 60% of the suspended solids concentration. The biokinetic coefficients were measured and determined to be:

Ks=70 mg/L BOD5

u_m=2.5 day-1

k_d = 0.06 day-1

Y = 0.6 mg VSS/mg BOD5 removed

Find:

SRT in days

The Aeration basin volume (L)

The Aeration period (days)

The kg of secondary solids wasted each day

1)in which area is allowed to use sulphate cement ?
2)what is the measure that need to be taken while pouring cement in hot weather?

Discuss how shear failure can arise in reinforced concrete members and how such failures can be avoided.                                                                                                                                    

Following a closed traverse, the sum of the interior angles was found to vary from the calculated sum by 2 degrees, 30 minutes. The angles were balanced by adding 30 minutes to each of five internal angles. This would be an example of: A. an arbitrarily balanced field angle adjustment. B. mathematical polygon balancing. C. an equally balanced field angle adjustment. D. a poorly conducted traverse.

Q2. A flexible pavement is to be designed based on AASHTO method. The following are the characteristics of this pavement: R = 90%, S0 = 0.40, Pi = 4.5, Pt = 2.0, SN = 3.5 and Mr (subgrade) = 15,000 psi. (a) If it was decided to use to a base course and an asphalt layer, what will be the thickness of each if you know that the sub-grade CBR = 8, base course CBR = 85, m = 1.0, surface modulus of elasticity = 400,000 psi. (b) How many years this pavement will approximately last, knowing that the average ESAL per year during the design period is 530 000 repetitions.

Explain how hydraulic jumps can be utilized in hydraulic structures. Choose an example and be specific.

explain the common failure modes associated with track geometry defects

Q2. A flexible pavement is to be designed based on AASHTO method. The following are the characteristics of this pavement: R = 90%, S0 = 0.40, Pi = 4.5, Pt = 2.0, SN = 3.5 and Mr (subgrade) = 15,000 psi. (a) If it was decided to use to a base course and an asphalt layer, what will be the thickness of each if you know that the sub-grade CBR = 8, base course CBR = 85, m = 1.0, surface modulus of elasticity = 400,000 psi. (b) How many years this pavement will approximately last, knowing that the average ESAL per year during the design period is 530 000 repetitions.

The soil profile at a site consists of a clay layer 10 m thick, sandwich between two sand layers. The top sand layer has a density of 1.9 Mg/m³ and is 5 m thick. Below this layer is a 10 m thick clay layer with a saturated density of 1.8 Mg/m³ and a saturated water content 42%. The deeper sand layer has a saturated density of 1.9 Mg/m³ and extend to the depth investigated at the site. The water table was detected at the top of the clay layer.

         The results of a consolidation test performed on a sample recovered from the mid point of the clay layer indicated the following properties for the clay:

1. Effective pre-consolidation pressure of 130 kPa;
2. Compression index C_c = 0.40;
3. Re-compression index C_r = 0.03; and
4. Consolidation coefficient C_v = 0.544 * 10^-2 cm²/sec.

The site is being proposed to be graded by compacting an additional layer.

The new compacted layer will impose a total stress increment of 75 kPa on the present ground surface. It is desired to obtain the following information:

1. Estimate the ultimate consolidation settlement due to grading;
2. Estimate the time in weeks that it will take to reach the average degree of consolidation U_ave= 90%; and
3. At the time calculated in 2.), estimate the excess pore pressure still present at the mid-point of the clay layer.

Design an I-section purlin for an industrial building to support the galvanized
corrugated iron sheet roof with following details:
Spacing of the truss = 5.0 meter
Spacing of purlins = 1.5 meters
Inclination of main rafter to horizontal = 30o
Weight of galvanized sheets with bolts etc = 130 N/m2
Imposed snow load = 1.5 kN/m2
Wind load = 1.0 kN/m2

1. To minimize the chance of losses, what process should a contractor use for updating the schedule, if litigation is expected?

2. Explain how prefabrication can change the critical path of a schedule.

3. For the ISU Chiller Plant, how did craft workers lift heavy items inside the plant?