A 1200 mm deep by 750 mm wide post-tensioned simply supported beam is shown below. The beam spans 12.0 m and is subject to a superimposed dead load of 50 kN/m and a live load of 35 kN/m. Both the superimposed dead load and live load are applied after transfer (after stressing has taken place). The tendon is located at the mid-height of the beam at each end, and its centreline sits 50 mm from the base at midspan. The concrete strength at transfer is 22 MPa, and at maturity is 40 MPa. Assume Ec = 32800 MPa, γc = 24 kN/m3 and ignore any prestress losses.

Estimate the approximate total short-term and long-term deflection under the load combination G + 0.7Q. Assume Pi = 1750 kN and Фcc = 2.8.

5. The City of Maskeliya disposes of 2.15m3/s of treated sewage that still has a BODu of 32.0 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L of DO into a river. Upstream from the outfall, the river has a flow rate of 6.50m3/s and a velocity of 0.45 m/s. At this point, BODu and the DO in the river are 3.25 and 7.3 mg/L respectively. The saturation value od DO (at the temperature of the river) is 8.9 mg/L, The deoxygenation coefficient, kd , is 0.61 day-1, and the reaeration coefficient, kr , is 0.74 day-1 . Assume complete mixing and that the velocity in the river is the same upstream and downstream of the outfall (30 points) 1. What is the oxygen deficit and the BODu just downstream from the outfall (just after mixing, before any reaction can occur?) 2. What is the DO 12 km downstream? 3. Calculate the critical time and distance 4. What is the minimum DO

1. Select the lightest W shape to support a uniformly distributed load of 1600 lb/ft ona simple span of 48 ft. Deflection is not to exceed span/240. Assume a yield stress of 50 ksi. Allowable bending stress of 22,000 psi.

Define, explain and illustrate graphically where appropriate the following:
a. Parallel Parking
b. Angular Parking
c. Parking Turnover
d. Ramp Metering
e. Congestion Pricing

Tabulate station elevations (stakeout at full stations) for an equal-tangent vertical curve for the following data given. (20 pts) • 500-ft curve • g1 = -3.00% • g2 = -1.25% • VPI at station 38 + 00 and elevation 560.00 ft

Urbanization involves the growth of cities, flow of traffic, transportation assets, facilities and fixed infrastructure. Collectively, these factors play major roles in what has become to be known as a “four-stage” process of urbanization. Smooth traffic flow enhances to a significant extent the urbanization process in cities, and by implication, government activities and private enterprise. Based on your course readings and knowledge of the concept of urbanization, graphically illustrate the four-stage process typically associated with this phenomenon tagged “urbanization” detailing the essential factors from stage one to stage four.

Field conditions require a highway curve to pass through a fixed point. Compute a suitable equal-tangent vertical curve and full-station elevations for grades of g1 = −2.50% and g2 = +1.00%, VPI elevation 750.00 ft at station 30 + 00. Fixed elevation 753.00 ft at station 30 + 00.

You have been hired as a consultant to assess the impact of a spill of 10 kg of chlorobenzene in a river adjacent
to a small town. The average width is 20m, average depth is 2.4m, and has a discharge of 8.7 m3/s. The
average water temperature is 22 °C, the average air temperature is 27 °C, and the average wind speed is
4.25 m/s. The suspended solids concentration has been measured at 7 mg/L, Kd for chlorobenzene is 4.27 cm3/g,
and the average sedimentation velocity is 0.8 m/d.
(a) Assess the impact of the spill on the town’s water supply intake 1 km downstream of the spill location.
Please compare this value with the EPA’s MCL for chlorobenzene.
(b) Investigate the relative importance of volatilization and sedimentation on the expected concentration of
chlorobenzene at the water-supply intake.
(c) If the city engineer decides to shut down the water-supply intake when the river water at the intake
exceeds the drinking water standard, for approximately how long will the intake be shut down?

You are field manager for the general contractor on a multi-story office building under construction. The project has risen all 15 floors above the foundation. The roof is on and the exterior façade of the structure, consisting of alternating blue glass ribbon windows and red granite panels, has “dried in” the project many weeks ago. On the third, seventh and fifteenth floors, the executive offices located on the corners of the building have blue glass doors that lead outside to small balconies. Interior work (walls, electricity, hvac, water, sewer, sprinker, suspended ceiling, millwork, carpet, etc.) is well under way on several of the lower floors. After carefully checking the blueprints, shop drawings and bulletin drawings completed and approved by Architects & Engineers, the superintendent for the plumbing contractor stops by your office to mention that the design doesn’t seem to provide for floor drains on the exterior balconies. A quick conversation with the architect reveals that a serious design error has occurred. Floor drains and the necessary piping will need to be retrofitted that tie-in to the vertical pipe for the roof drain, located near the center of the building. There is vertical air space (plenum) available (approx. 2 feet) on each floor between the bottom of the concrete floor slab above and the top of the ceiling grid that can be used to route the connecting pipes to each balcony drain. However, many specialty contractors have already installed their work on several floors in the plenum space. Another problem is the length of connecting piping needed for each balcony drain. Following the minimum slope for the drain pipe allowed by building code, the distance is so great from each balcony to the vertical roof drain in the center of the building that the connecting pipe would be visible below the ceiling grid, which is not acceptable to the project owner. So, the piping for each balcony drain will have to be routed at the minimum slope above the ceiling grid partway to an interior column, where a vertical pipe and floor penetration will be needed. Each balcony drain pipe will continue in the plenum space on the floor below in order to reach the roof drain. The vertical piping next to certain interior columns can be hidden with studs and drywall. In this manner, each of the retrofitted balcony drains can connect to the vertical roof drain pipe without being visible in the interior office space on each floor.

List Five things/actions that you as a Manager could do to keep the project going and solve the problem as well as what parts and how could your Schedule be affected:

Another Problem would be Who Pays: Who and Why?

1) Timber formwork and shoring support a cast-in-place concrete slab during curing. The 9 inch concrete slab is placed on the ¾ inch plywood supports that are supported by 2 x 4 joists spaced 16 inches apart. 4 x 6 stringers spaced 36 inches apart support these joists. The shores directly underneath the stringers are 4 x 4 and are spaced at 5 ft intervals along the stringers. The lumber is No. 2 Douglas Fir Larch. The concrete has a specific weight of 150 pcf and a construction live load of 50 psf. Limit all deflection to l/360. [Weight of forms, estimated = 7.5psf]

You are asked to:

1. Check the joist spacing of 16 in.                                                 

2. Check the stringer spacing of 36 in.                                            

3. Check shoring space of 5 ft along the stringer.                         

What are the common forms of sulfate ions present in natural and industrial environment? Write the chemical reactions involved in each case during the sulfate attack.