Assume you are conducting a parking study in your University. You need to explain the processes/tasks that you will undertake to complete this study. You need to explain how you will do different tasks and how you will present the collected data.

You are the Engineer In Charge for a large paving project in New York City. There is some additional paving work being added to the mainline expressway job involving approximately 25,000 metric tons of asphalt. The additional work involves paving nine (9) ramps along the mainline expressway. Due to the Maintenance and Protection of Traffic requirements, the ramps will each be paved on their own night. The total estimated quantity is 400 Metric Tons of Superpave Top Asphalt and 500 Metric Tons of Superpave Binder Asphalt. The Contractor states that it will cost him $90.00 per metric ton to place the asphalt, which is far above his $65.00 per metric ton bid price.

1. Based on what you know, is the Contractor telling the truth and would you accept this renegotiated cost? (Night differential is an increase of 10.00% on wages only.)
2. What other considerations might you have regarding this price?

1. During and after the commissioning and turn-over process, the design and construction team need to provide the owner with many important documents for the operation of the building. These include all of the following, except:

   		A list of things that the contractor secretly left out of the building to save costs.
   		Operations and maintenance manuals for installed equipment
   		Final construction drawings, typically called "As Built" drawings. These incorporate any minor changes made during construction.
   		Design calculations for building systems.
   		Warranty, test-and-balance, and inspection documents.
   		Building Information Modeling (BIM) data, if included in the contract.
   		Samples and inventories of spare parts and materials used in the construction, to facilitate repairs.

a. A symmetrical rectangle box section prestressed concrete beam of external width of 300 mm and external depth of 600 mm with a uniform thickness of 40 mm is prestressed with 7 numbers straight steel wires of 7 mm diameter located at a distance of 15 mm from the bottom of the soffit and 5 number of 5mm diameter of the steel wires located at the 575 mm from the bottom of the beam . The wires were initially tensioned on the prestressing bed with an initial prestress of 1500 N/mm2 . The beam is subjected to point load of 48 + 0.2 (54) kN at the center of the beam and a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m entire length of the beam with a length of 10 m. Calculate the resultant stresses at the end and mid span section with neat stress distribution diagram. Assume the density of the concrete is 24 kN/m3 . Use BS8110 code

b. In the above problem, how to control the resultant stresses such that they do not exceed 25 N/mm2 at mid span section.

a. An unsymmetrical I section prestressed concrete beam of top flange (350 X 40 mm) in size, bottom flange of (200 X 40 mm), 30mm thickness of web and overall depth of 400 mm is prestressed with 19 numbers straight steel wires of 7 mm diameter located at a distance of 15 mm from the bottom of the soffit and 9 numbers of straight steel wires of 6 mm diameter located at a distance of 15 mm from the top of the beam. The wires were initially tensioned on the prestressing bed with an initial prestress of 1.2 + 0.01 (54) GPa. The length of the beam is 10 m. Calculate the total percentage loss of stress in the wires at top and bottom. Assume the beam is post tensioned beam and all the wires stressed simultaneously by using the following data: Relaxation of steel stress= 4.5% of initial stress -6 Shrinkage strain in concrete for post tensioning = 200 x 10 Creep Coefficient ɸ=1.6 Friction coefficient for wave effect=0.0015 + 0.001 (54) per meter Slip at anchorage= 1.5 mm Modulus of elasticity for steel = 210 GPa Modulus of elasticity for concrete= 35 GPa

b. What are the measures that are suggested to be taken to reduce the losses in prestressed concrete members for the above problem?

prestressed road bridge of span 16.74 m consists of a
concrete slab of 420 mm thick with parallel post-tensioned cables, in each of which the force
at transfer is 440 kN. If the bridge is required to support a uniformly distributed applied load
of 43.37kN/m2
, with tensile stress in the concrete not exceeding
0.85 N/mm2
at any time. Calculate the maximum horizontal spacing of the cables, their
distance from the soffit of the slab at mid-span and their lowest possible position at
supports. Assume 15 % loss of prestress after transfer. Also calculate the number of steel
wires used in each cable with the permissible stress of 1200 N/mm2
for 7 mm diameter steel
wire. Assume the density of the concrete is 24 kN/m3
.

. A symmetrical rectangle box section prestressed concrete beam of external width of 300
mm and external depth of 600 mm with a uniform thickness of 40 mm is prestressed with 7
numbers straight steel wires of 7 mm diameter located at a distance of 15 mm from the bottom
of the soffit and 5 number of 5mm diameter of the steel wires located at the 575 mm from the
bottom of the beam . The wires were initially tensioned on the prestressing bed with an initial
prestress of 1500 N/mm2
. The beam is subjected to point load of 55.4 kN at the center of the beam and a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m entire length
of the beam with a length of 10 m. Calculate the resultant stresses at the end and mid span
section with neat stress distribution diagram. Assume the density of the concrete is 24
kN/m3
.

b. In the above problem, how to control the resultant stresses such that they do not exceed
25 N/mm2 at mid span section.

There are two steel I beams in a construction cite. The I beam A has 3" long stringer in the middle of the beam in the center of shear web and the second beam (beam B) has multiple edge cracking (0.1" deep) due to improper rolling process in the same middle area as beam A in both top and bottom flanges. As an engineer discuss which of the discontinuities will be more likely to be considered as a defect? Why?

A retaining wall has a stem height 8.5m and width is 0.5m from top and 1.4 from below. The base is 7.0x1.5m. the toe is 1.8m and the heel is 3.8m. the backfill is inclined by 15^o. Ɣ=18KN/m³ and Φ=25

Find if the given retaining wall is stable against sliding and overturning or not. Ɣ concrete = 24KN/m³. δ = 0.6 ɸ

Q4: Experiments were conducted to determine the safe buckling load on columns with T-section 100 mm × 100 mm × 10 mm with different support conditions. When both ends of the columns are fixed, safe crippling load carried by the column was found to be 60 × 103 N. Suggest the length for other three columns for the same crippling load when the support conditions are changed to one end fixed but the other end free, both the ends hinged and one end fixed but the other end hinged. The cross section of the column is kept constant in all cases, and E = 200 GPa. Take factor of safety = 4. Instead of T section, a hollow column of same material having length 5 m and external diameter of 55 mm when subjected to a compressive load of 60 kN, there was a shortening in the length of the column by 0.120 cm. Suggest a suitable value for the thickness of the column to withstand the safe crippling load when one end of the column is fixed and other end is free?