Question

Pls do not handwrite the answer, this is for easy reading

Sry guy, can't find a subject for this - so I put under social sciences

It is under Human Behaviour in Organisation

Question 1:-

a)what is motivation? Define.

b) Identify and describe the 5 components of Maslow's Need Hierarchy.

c) Explain what is meant by job satisfaction,
d)Examine 3 causes of job satisfaction. Illustrate each cause with an example
e) Identify and describe the core job dimensions in the Job Characteristics Model.

Answer 1

• a)The term ‘motivation’ has been derived from the word ‘motive’. Motive may be defined as an inner state of our mind that activates and directs our behaviour. It makes us move to act. It is always internal to us and is externalized via our behaviour. Motivation is one’s willingness to exert efforts towards the accomplishment of his/her goal.
• Fred Luthans defined motivation as a “process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency or need that activates behaviour or a drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive”.
• The basic elements included in the process are motives, goals and behaviour:-
• Motives prompt people to action. Hence, these are at the very heart of motivational process. Motives provide an activating thrust towards reaching a goal. The examples of the needs for food and water are translated into the hunger and thrust drives or motives. Similarly, the need for friends becomes a motive for affiliation.
• Motives are generally directed towards goals. Motives generally create a state of physiological or psychological imbalance. Attaining goals restores balance. For example, a goal exists when the body of the man is deprived of food or water or one’s personality is deprived of friends or companions.
• Behaviour is a series of activities to be undertaken. Behaviour is directed to achieve a goal. For example, the man goes to saloon to cut his hair.
• Organisations are run by people. Hence, managers cannot afford to avoid a concern with human behaviour at work. This is because the motivated employees are more productive and quality- conscious than apathetic ones.
  
• Organisational effectiveness becomes, to some extent, the question of management’s ability to motivate its employees. Hence, an appreciation of motivation helps the managers how to motivate their employees.
• b)As a humanist, Maslow believed that people have an inborn desire to be self-actualized, that is, to be all they can be. In order to achieve these ultimate goals, however, a number of more basic needs must be met such as the need for food, safety, love, and self-esteem.There are five different levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
• Maslow's hierarchy is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the most complex needs are at the top of the pyramid.
• Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are deficiency needs, which arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences.
• Maslow termed the highest level of the pyramid as growth needs. These needs don't stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person.
• Physiological Needs-The basic physiological needs are probably fairly apparent—these include the things that are vital to our survival. Some examples of the physiological needs include:Food,Water,Breathing,Homeostasis
• In addition to the basic requirements of nutrition, air and temperature regulation, the physiological needs also include such things as shelter and clothing.
• Security and Safety Needs-At this level, the needs for security and safety become primary. People want control and order in their lives, so this need for safety and security contributes largely to behaviors at this level.
• Finding a job, obtaining health insurance and health care, contributing money to a savings account, and moving into a safer neighborhood are all examples of actions motivated by the security and safety needs.
• Social Needs-The social needs in Maslow’s hierarchy include such things as love, acceptance and belonging. At this level, the need for emotional relationships drives human behavior.
• In order to avoid problems such as loneliness, depression, and anxiety, it is important for people to feel loved and accepted by other people. Personal relationships with friends, family, and lovers play an important role, as does involvement in other groups that might include religious groups, sports teams, book clubs, and other group activities.
• Esteem Needs-At the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy is the need for appreciation and respect. When the needs at the bottom three levels have been satisfied, the esteem needs begin to play a more prominent role in motivating behavior.
• At this point, it becomes increasingly important to gain the respect and appreciation of others. People have a need to accomplish things and then have their efforts recognized.
• In addition to the need for feelings of accomplishment and prestige, the esteem needs include such things as self-esteem and personal worth. People need to sense that they are valued and by others and feel that they are making a contribution to the world.
• People who are able to satisfy the esteem needs by achieving good self-esteem and the recognition of others tend to feel confident in their abilities. Those who lack self-esteem and the respect of others can develop feelings of inferiority.
• Self-Actualization Needs-At the very peak of Maslow’s hierarchy are the self-actualization needs. "What a man can be, he must be," Maslow explained, referring to the need people have to achieve their full potential as human beings.
  
• Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested fulfilling their potential.
• Due to time limit,only some could be answered,remaining questions can be asked as anothe question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation