Question

Comparison of Fluid Deficit and Fluid Overload

	Fluid Deficit	Fluid Overload
Definition
Causes/Risk Factors
Clinical Manifestations (including laboratory data)
Collaborative Management (Interventions)

Answer 1

Comparison of Fluid Deficit and Fluid Overload

	Fluid Deficit	Fluid overload
Definition	The fluid deficit occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid. The water and electrolytes are lost in the same proportion.	Fluid overload is the isotonic expansion of the ECF. The abnormal retention of water and the sodium in the same proportion.
Causes / Risk factors	Vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating, use of diuretics. Risk factors include adrenal insufficiency, diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis, hemorrhage, coma.	Consumption of excessive sodium or salts, excessive administration of sodium containing fluids. Other factors include heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes, renal failure, and nephrotic syndrome.
Clinical Manifestations (including Laboratory Data)	Weight loss, decreased skin turgor, oliguria, postural hypotension, weak rapid heart rate, flattened neck veins, cool and clammy skin, anorexia, nausea, muscle weakness and cramps, confusion. Elevated BUN level Increased Hematocrit level Hyponatremia	edema, distended neck vein, crackles, tachycardia, hypertension, increased pulse pressure, increased central venous pressure, increased body weight, polyuria, shortness of breath and wheezing. Decreased BUN level. Decreased Hematocrit level Increased urine sodium level Chest X-ray shows pulmonary congestion.
Collaborative Management (Interventions)	Give the adequate amount of fluid to drink. Maintain intake and output chart. Daily monitor of weight. Check vital signs to find weak, rapid pulse. If the patient cannot tolerate oral fluid, administer fluid by the parenteral route.	Administering diuretics. Monitor Daily weight. Maintain intake and output chart. Check vital signs for increased pulse pressure and blood pressure. Restriction of Fluid and sodium intake. Assess the degree of pitting edema.