Question

Comparison of Respiratory Disorders:

	Asthma	Emphysema	Chronic Bronchitis	Pneumonia
Pathophysiology
Etiology/Population at Risk
Clinical Manifestations including Laboratory data
Typical Nursing Diagnosis
Interventions

Answer 1

Comparison of Respiratory Disorders:

	Asthma	Emphysema	Chronic Bronchitis	Pneumonia
Pathophysiology	Hyper responsiveness of tracheobronchial tree, Airway edema.	air sacs in the lungs become damaged & stretched.	bronchial tubes inflamed, cough with mucus last from three months to a year.	infection causes air sacs in the lungs to become inflamed and filled with fluid.
Etiology/Population at Risk	Allergic/atopic, Idiosyncratic	deficiency of a protein, ?1-antitrypsin. Cigarette smoking, inhaled toxins	viruses, bacteria, and other particles that irritate the bronchial tubes, Cigarette smoking	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila infection
Clinical Manifestations including Laboratory data	Hypoxemia, Hypercapnia , Acidosis ,Cough, chest pain	chronic cough and difficulty breathing., wheezing blue-tinged lips or fingernai	Fever, Heavy breathing Gray or blue color in nails and lips Confusion or dizziness	Fever ,chills, cough,shortness of breath, fatigue & pain.
Typical Nursing Diagnosis	Chest X-Ray, Mucous testing and by presence of IgE and RAST. Eosinophil cationic protein	chest X-ray or CT scan of the lungs arterial blood gas analysis	chest X-rays, pulmonary function tests, and CT imaging studies	chest X-ray, chest CT scan
Interventions	Bronchodilators as solbutamol terbutaline, mast cell inbitors as ketotifin, sodium chromogylate. leukotrienes inhibitors: zafirleukast, monteleukost	Bronchodilators Beta-agonists Anticholinergics, or antimuscarinics Supportive therapy includes oxygen therapy	The most effective treatment for bronchitis is rest and fluids. Aspirin or another over-the-counter agent can be used to reduce a fever.	antibiotic treatment, Vaccinations