Question

In: Biology

Which of the following three signals are required for the activation of naïve T cells? a....

Which of the following three signals are required for the activation of naïve T cells?

a. TCR bound to MHC-Ag complex, costimulation, and granzymes

b. TCR bound to MHC-Ag complex, costimulation, and cytokines

c. NF-kB, NFAT, and PI3-Akt signaling

d. CD40 bound to CD40L, CD80 bound to CD28, and IL-12 production

e. IL-1, IL-6, and TNF

Solutions

Expert Solution

The answers is (b ) TCR bound to MHC Ag complex, costimulation and cytokines.

Activation of T helper cells require generation of three specific signals.

Activated T helper cells secretes increased amount of IL-2 as well as IL-2 receptor.IL-2 binds to its receptors on the same T helper cells and also on other T helper cells and induces the naive T helper cells to proliferate and differentiate. It is activated and becomes lymphoblast cells which subsequently differentiate into memory and effector T helper cells.

The three specific signals are -

  • Antigen specific signal - It involves the binding of antigen in the groove of MHC-2 on APC to TCR (T cell receptor) present on surface of T helper cells.
  • Costimulatory signal - It involves the binding of CD 28 molecule on T helper cells to B7 molecules on antigen presenting cells ( APC).
  • Cytokines-the macrophages or antigen presenting cells secrete interleukin-1 which acts on the T helper cells which acts on T helper cells.

Following the signal generation , there is initiation of the signal transduction at the CD 4 molecule which interacts with the CD3 molecule and it causes the transmission of signal leading to activation of T helper cells. Following this , there is differentiation of naive T helper cells into memory and effector T helper cells.


Related Solutions

Why do naïve T cells migrate preferentially to lymphoid organs and differentiated effector T cells (which...
Why do naïve T cells migrate preferentially to lymphoid organs and differentiated effector T cells (which have been activated by antigen) migrate preferentially to tissues that are sites of infection? other (bystander) T cells on exposure to an antigen?
Like T cells, B cells require multiple signals for activation. Antigen binding to the B cell antigen __________provides one signal
Like T cells, B cells require multiple signals for activation. Antigen binding to the B cell antigen __________provides one signal, while antigen-specific effector ________ provide the other signals. The requirement for multiple signals to activate either a T cell or a B cell helps to prevent _______ and dangerous activation of _________ , including  __________ _________. Most of the proteins involved in cell–cell recognition and antigen recognition in the immune system, including  _________ , TCRs, and  _______ proteins, as well as various co-receptors,...
Where are naïve T-cells converted to effector (able to respond to B-cell presentation) T-cells? Bone marrow...
Where are naïve T-cells converted to effector (able to respond to B-cell presentation) T-cells? Bone marrow Thymus Lymphatic system all of the above Which of the following statements is not true of attenuated vaccines? They have the potential to cause disease They can spread to others They induce a long-lasting immunity. They do not require refrigeration Which of the following is an example of a natural passive immunity? natural exposure to infectious agent mothers antibodies in breast milk immunization with...
What are the 3 signals of T-cell activation and how do they each work?
What are the 3 signals of T-cell activation and how do they each work?
Briefly describe the 3 signals involved in the activation and differentiation of a naive CD4+ T...
Briefly describe the 3 signals involved in the activation and differentiation of a naive CD4+ T cell into an effector Th2 (T helper) cell.
What role does Helper T cells play in the activation of the B lymphocytes?
What role does Helper T cells play in the activation of the B lymphocytes?
Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells? Macrophages B cells Cytotoxic T cells All of these...
Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells? Macrophages B cells Cytotoxic T cells All of these choices are correct answers. Only the first and second choices are correct answers.
Immunology Describe the two signals needed to activate B and T cells Describe the structure of...
Immunology Describe the two signals needed to activate B and T cells Describe the structure of a lymph node and relate this structure to the function of the lymph node in concentrating antigen and initiating an immune response. Explain how an ELISA is used to quantify antibody concentrations and measure an immune response. Understand how to interpret FACS data including side vs forward scatter, MFI values and multicolor staining profiles Distinguish between how B and T cells recognize antigens. Describe...
Which of the following processes: T cell development, T cell activation, B cell development, B cell...
Which of the following processes: T cell development, T cell activation, B cell development, B cell activation would be disrupted by a deficiency in the indicated protein. Your answer should include all processes that would be disrupted.  If none of these processes is disrupted, state NONE. Part 2: Justify your answers (a-d) by describing the cell type(s) that express the molecule and the function of the molecule in the processes you indicated would be disrupted.   a. CD3 zeta chain b. TLR4...
Which of the following contains no b cells but have T cells? 1. blood 2. spleen...
Which of the following contains no b cells but have T cells? 1. blood 2. spleen 3. bone marrow 4.lymph nodes 5. thymus
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT