Which of the following three signals are required for the activation of naïve T cells? a....

Which of the following three signals are required for the activation of naïve T cells?

a. TCR bound to MHC-Ag complex, costimulation, and granzymes

b. TCR bound to MHC-Ag complex, costimulation, and cytokines

c. NF-kB, NFAT, and PI3-Akt signaling

d. CD40 bound to CD40L, CD80 bound to CD28, and IL-12 production

e. IL-1, IL-6, and TNF

Expert Solution

The answers is (b ) TCR bound to MHC Ag complex, costimulation and cytokines.

Activation of T helper cells require generation of three specific signals.

Activated T helper cells secretes increased amount of IL-2 as well as IL-2 receptor.IL-2 binds to its receptors on the same T helper cells and also on other T helper cells and induces the naive T helper cells to proliferate and differentiate. It is activated and becomes lymphoblast cells which subsequently differentiate into memory and effector T helper cells.

The three specific signals are -

Antigen specific signal - It involves the binding of antigen in the groove of MHC-2 on APC to TCR (T cell receptor) present on surface of T helper cells.
Costimulatory signal - It involves the binding of CD 28 molecule on T helper cells to B7 molecules on antigen presenting cells ( APC).
Cytokines-the macrophages or antigen presenting cells secrete interleukin-1 which acts on the T helper cells which acts on T helper cells.

Following the signal generation , there is initiation of the signal transduction at the CD 4 molecule which interacts with the CD3 molecule and it causes the transmission of signal leading to activation of T helper cells. Following this , there is differentiation of naive T helper cells into memory and effector T helper cells.

gladiator answered 3 months ago

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