Need explanation of MATLAB code which creates echo. (SIGNAL PROCESSING)

If the original audio signal is x(t) then the echo is y(t) = x(t) + alpha*x(t-delay)

This code below creates this echo however I don't understand how every line of the code works, could someone comment this code so I can understand?

[x,Fs] = audioread('Hallelujah.wav');  
 sound(x,Fs);   
 delay = 0.5; % 0.5s delay  
 alpha = 0.65; % echo strength  
 D = delay*Fs;  
 y = zeros(size(x));  
 y(1:D) = x(1:D);  
   
 for i=D+1:length(x)  
   y(i) = x(i) + alpha*x(i-D);  
 end  

a.) Define constant power load (CPL) and constant voltage load (CVL). Are power electronics devices constant power loads? If so, explain why.

b) How can Zener diodes work as voltage stabilizer?

c) Mention the typical value of resistance (Ohm-m) and conductance (Siemens/meter) for conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

4. Bit sequence recognizer [30]

• Submission file for this part: 4.circ
• Main circuit name: sequencecheck
• Input pin(s): inputx [1], sysclock [1]
• Output pin(s): outputr [1]

Derive a minimal state table for a Mealy model FSM that acts as a sequence checker. During four consecutive clock cycles, a sequence of four values of the signal x is applied, forming a binary number. The oldest value of x would become the most significant bit in that binary number. The most recent value of x would become the least significant bit.

The FSM will output outputr = 1 when it detects that the previous 4 bit sequence was either 0100 or 1010. At all other times, including when the previous sequence was not those described previously, outputr = 0. Implement the FSM as a circuit in Logisim Evolution.

Note that much like the last problem, this is not a sliding window. After the fourth clock pulse, the circuit resets itself and is ready to take in the next 4 bit sequence.

You will lose a significant portion of credit if your FSM is not minimized.

You will lose a significant portion of credit if your combinational logic is not minimized. If you violate both this and the previous constraint, you will get a 0

SRAM Assist Techniques for Operation in a Wide Voltage Range in 28-nm CMOS. show the some simulation results .

a full elaborate explanation on the theory behind induction type Instruments including calculations pertaining to them

mathematical derivations

a)The voltage and the current of a circuit are v=1∠30^oV and i=2∠-37^oA. Determine the power factor.

b)A short transmission line is delivering a 3-phase load of 1MVA at 11kV and the load power factor is 0.8 lagging. The total series impedance of the line is (10 + j20)Ω/phase. Calculate the sending end power factor.

c)A supply company offers a Two-parts Tariff on a monthly basis. The Maximum Demand Charge is $90 per kVA per month and the Energy Charge is $0.6 per kWh. A factory has a load of average 200kW. It operates at a monthly load factor of 0.75 and a power factor of 0.85 lagging. Assume the factory works 400 hours per month, determine the electricity charge.

d)Two generators G1 and G2 are connected in parallel to an 11kV common busbar. The generator G1 is rated at 15MVA, 11kV with X=0.10pu and the generator G2 is rated at 10MVA, 11kV with X=0.10pu. The 11kV busbar feeds an 11/66kV, 15MVA, X=0.06pu step-up transformer. Calculate the fault current when a three phase fault occurs on the high voltage side of the transformer. Select 15MVA as the base power.

Explanation of lenz's law and other electromagnetic theorems and it's relation to induction type instruments

Estimate the desired parameters and draw the block diagram of an Armstrong indirect FM modulator to generate an FM carrier with a carrier frequency of 102 MHz and ∆? = 25 kHz based on following constraint: (1) A narrow-band FM generator is available at a carrier frequency 200 KHz and ∆? is 12.2 Hz.( 2) The local oscillator has an adjustable range of 9 MHz to 10 MHz. (3) There is bandpass filter with any center frequency. (4) And only doublers are available.

How do an Electrical Engineering student need Calculus II ? Find an Application that relates to Electrical Engineering?

4. Explain Over- Current Protection Concepts in detail.

The real ammeter (with 0 resistance) and voltmeter (with infinity resistance) do not achieve ideal values (When using in a lab), but can behave as "effectively ideal" under some conditions. what are those conditions? and what are the approximate value of resistances of the meters that normally use in labs?

Choose the correct answer from the followings:

a) In Wheatstone bridge, when it is balanced the galvanometer reads

1. Infinity 2. Zero 3. 5 mA 4. 10 mA
b) In PMMC, dumping force helps .............

1. To move the pointer to read our measurements correctly 2. To reset our readings back to zero 3. To stabilize the pointer during transition between readings 4. All the above
c) A current transformers are used for:

1. For cost effective measurement 2. For protections 3. To reduce the cost of relay and circuit-breaker in high current enviroemnt 4. All the above

The contribution densities of a Si pn joint polarized in the direction of transmission at T = 300K are Nd = 4 * 10 ^ 15 cm ^ -3, Na = 8 * 10 ^ 17 cm ^ -3. The minority carrier hole concentration at the border of the space charge zone is given as pn (xn) = 14 * 10 ^ 13 cm ^ -3. According to other parameters of the pn junction tau n0 = 0.2 microseconds, tau p0 = 0.5 microseconds, A = 2.5 mm ^ 2, Dn = 25 (cm ^ 2 / s), Dp = 10 (cm ^ 2 / s):

a) Pole voltage Va in the direction of transmission,
b) minority carrier hole diffusion current in x = xn,
c) minority carrier hole diffusion current in x = xn + 2Lp,
d) Electron concentration in x = -xp,
e) minority carrier electron diffusion current in x = -xp,
f) minority carrier electron diffusion current in x = - (xp + 3Ln),
g) Calculate the total current flowing through the junction.

I need quick answer pls.Thank you.

Why are we designed to have different BJT amplifier? Write titles and The use (Benefits and drawbacks)

Topic: Introduction to Convolution

Software used : Matlab

Course : Signal and Systems Lab

1.

a) Make the flowchart or pseudo code for convolution.

b) Implement convolution in MATLAB.

   Hint: Make a function using the format: function result = myconv (a,b)

            Where a and b are input matrix and result is convolution answer.

c) Compare it with conv command.

2. Let input signal x be [1, 3, –2, 4, -1] and the system h be [-2, 3, 4, –3, 6]. Find the output of the system y using the conv command.

3. Now suppose we add another system j = [3, –1, 2, 4, 1] in series with the above system. Now find the overall response and output y of the above system using the conv command. Hint: The systems h and j should be convolved first and then the resultant should be convolved with x to get the overall response.

4. Again suppose now j is attached in parallel to h. Now find the impulse response y for the system.

5. Now suppose the two systems h and j are again in series and a third system k = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] has also been attached with them in parallel. Find the impulse response of the overall system and hence the output y. Hint: You will have to make sure that the size of the system k be made equal to the resultant of the size of the system obtained by convolving the systems h and k that are attached in series.

Up until now we have supposed that all signals starting point is same say 0. Now suppose the system h starting point is –2, that of system j is 0 and that of system k is 3. Now handle this situation carefully and get the overall impulse response of the system and hence the output y. Also please draw stem plot of each of system including the input x, systems, h, j, k, the overall response and finally the output y.

6. Write a program without using conv command and for loop to convolve two arbitrary length signals. (Hint: Use toeplitz command)