Question

Compare and contrast the four types of diuretics for uses, side effects, precautions, and contraindications. Please make sure you cite your references used in APA format. Thank you

Answer 1

Diuretics

A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.

4 types of diuretics with use, sideeffects,precaution, contraindications

Diuretic	Use	sideeffects	Precautions	Contra indications
Thiazide diuretics	• Hypertension • Chronic, mild- heart failure • Edema • Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus • Prevention of Ca++ excretion in osteoporosis and calcium nephrolithiasis	dizziness lightheadedness, blurred vision, loss of appetite, itching, stomach upset, headache, and weakness.	renalelectrolyte disturbances gout, hyperglycemia, hypotension	Hypotension. Allergy to sulfa drugs. Gout. Hypokalemia. Renal failure. Lithium treatment
Loop diuretics	• Congestive heart failure • Acute pulmonary edema • Edema due to renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, ascites • Hypercalcemia (that induced by malignancy) • Severe hypertension • Force diuresis during drug/chemical intoxication	hyponatremia hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia dehydration, hyperuricemia gout dizziness, postural hypotension, syncope.	Have severe liver or kidney disease Dehydration Have an irregular heartbeat pregnancy and/or have developed high blood pressure during your pregnancy age 65 or older gout allergic to sulfa drugs, like Septra and Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim)	Anuria. Hypersensitivity to furosemide, bumetanide or torsemide Hepatic coma. Severe electrolyte depletion.
oOsmotic diuretics	Removal of nephrotoxic substances lower intracranial pressure and for short-term reduction of intraocular pressure.	Extracellular volume expansion heart failure pulmonary edema. Headache Nausea and vomiting Dehydration and loss of free water Hypernatremia or increased sodium levels	Renal or hepatic disease. pregnancy lactation	Hepatic disease or insufficiency. Long-term use in glaucoma. Hyponatremia, hypokalemia. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Adrenocortical insufficiency. Severe renal insufficiency.
Potassium-sparing diuretics	heart failure Prevent pottasium loss Increase the amount of fluid passed from the body in urine	Hyperkalemia Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis Gynecomastia or breast enlargement in males Erectile dysfunction Benign prostatic hyperplasia Acute renal failure Kidney stones	Pregancy Lactation Hepatic or renal disorders	Hyponatremia Hypoklaemia Adrenocortical insufficiency. Severe renal insufficiency. Hepatic disease or insufficiency. Long-term use in glaucoma.