Question

give me examples of secondary prevention strategies for occupational nurse who works in pharmaceutical company

these are the steps for secondary preventions strategies but i need more examples on each one that applies on pharmaceutical company:

1- Identification of health needs health problems and employees at risk

2- case management of the workers who had health problems

3- conduct assessments and provide treatment and referrals

4- health screenings at worksite with relative, ease minimal cost

5- Pre-placement evaluations for baseline medical and occupational health history and a targeted physical assessment and medical test

6- periodic assessments at regular intervals to document any changes in health

7- job transfer evaluation

Answer 1

Pharmaceutical company: the workers are risk to exposure to various chemicals such as active pharmaceutical ingredients, chemical intermediates and in the form of acids, solvents. Most form of medication is in the airborne form and affects the workers in the pharmaceutical workers. Dyes, acids, solvents produce some kind of smells while manufacturing.

General health hazards: the workers are chance exposure to particles, noise, Exposure to ultraviolet radiations, Exposure to formaldehyde

Some specific hazards are: hormone related risks: most pharmaceutical company produces hormone related medication such as estrogen. Estrogen cause changes breast structure in men whereas it produces menstrual problem, enlargement of endometrium in women. Testosterone cause changes in sexual related desire, results decreased in lack of sexual desire whereas it produces menstrual problems, characteristics of male appearance, decreased fertility,

Antibiotic related

1. Allergies to skin : the workers are chance to have itching, irritation, mainly Contact dermatitis as a result of solvents

2. Vitamin deficiency : workers are chance to have vitamin deficiency when he inhales antibiotic which change the bacteria in the intestine

3. Inhalation injuries such as in the form airborne

Tetracycline: it produces vitamin related problem mainly B vitamin

Penicillin: it produces breathing difficulty, chest discomfort, edema and heart failure result in shock

Nitroglycerin: it produces symptoms of hypotension, headache, fainting

Antidepressants: when workers exposure to antidepressants, it may cause cardiac arrhythmias

Cytotoixc medication: it causes cytotoxic related changes in the body and gene get affected

Symptoms:

· .Structural body changes such as gynecomastia

· Menstrual problem for women

· Allergies to the skin

· Hypotension, irregular heart beat

· Respiratory related problem such as coughing

· Gene changes, hair loss, vomiting, diarrhea because of cytotoxic medication

Secondary prevention

1. Identification of health needs, health problems, and employee at risk:

        Worker who has chance to health problem are known history of allergies, known respirtory disease, smoking history, expectant mother. Health problems of workers are identified while doing screening worker every   6 month interval, workers complaints of symptoms. If the health problems of workers may be coughing, palpitation, weakness, fainting, allergies to skin, eye irritation, breathing difficulties. by means of respirtaory assessment, urineanalysis, skin assessment, vision test, color test. if the workers has frequent cough, respiratory assessmnet to be done for identification any crackles in known case of chronic smoking patient. expectant mother are assessed for identify any menstrual probelms

2. Case management of workers who have health problems:

                   patient can be assessed for health problem. After identification of health problem, health workers suffered any cough, gynaemastia, skin allergies, are managed according to the case. if the patient has continuous itching as a result of contact with any irriant materials, assess the patient skin and provides to nursing and medical treatment to the skin allergies such as education, medications and monitor his skin frequently and reassess the skin for any improvement. if the patient has frequent cough, assess his lung for any changes in the respirtaoy system by means of percussion and ausculattion. patient can be treated with cough reducation medication, education to use protective personal equipments such as masks, gloves, gown and  reassess him for improvement his lung symptoms.if the workers experienced fainting, provides treatment by checking vitals signs, elevating his leg and starting intravenousfluids and reassess him for any improvement and provides services if he isnot recovered.

3. Conduct assessment and provide treatment and referrals

              if the workers has any other lung problem such as coughing, lung assessment can be done by means of lung auscultation, percussion.patient can be treated with cough reduction medication. if he has any signs of wheezing, crackles sound in his lung   patient can be referred to the hsopital for further assessment and further management. if patient has headache as a side effects of nitrates medication, he can be assessed by monitoring his vital signs and provides medication for headcahe and refferred him for further managment. if the patient has hair loss, vomiting due to cyto toxic medication, his symptoms can be releived by means of proviidng antiemetic and referr him for further assessment of any changes to his health. if the workers complaints of weakness, he can be done physical examination and assess the occupational workers such as tetracyclin exposure and provide vitamin for him and refer him for testing viamin B deficiency

4. Health screening at work site with relative , ease minimal ease cost

                 Workers can be screening in the occupational areas based on the health problems such as vision test, skin health check up, respiratory health check up, vital signs, color vision test, urinalysis test, musculoskeletal assessment, mental health assessment. if the worker has respirtaory symptoms minimal cost of checking his symptoms. eye check up for checking any changes in the vision, colortest for testing any changes in color vision, vital signs for chceking blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate

5. Preplacement evaluations it should be done for employees before employees coming to the job for rejoining. If the worker has relieved from the health problems and underwent treatment for the health problems and he recovered from the illness and came for rejoining. he should undergo the preplacment evaluation such as electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, urine and blood test, vision test and special test for specific health problem.

6. Periodic assessment at regular intervals to document any changes in health

                      Health workers should undergo periodic assessment periodically to detect any changes in his health. For examples he is exposed to any medication any nitrates, watch his blood pressure at regular intervals for any hypotension. if the workers is working in the hormone related mediaction, assess him periodically to assess any changes in structural changes suchas gyneomastia, menstrual problems. if the worker is working and exposure to antidepressants medication, assess him periodically for any changes in the heart rhythm by checking his pulse and respiratory assessment

7. Job transfer evaluation: if the worker has suffered injuries and recovered from illness and people who are risk to some specific work, cannot provide same job as he worked previously, instead, he is offered some other job based on experience or health problem. For examples such as if he workers exposed to allergic materials or risk to get illness, he can be evaluated for job transfer location such as printing labeling, packaging. If he continues to do same job, it might cause damage to him.