Question

Please write in 300 words: Substances that should NOT be found in urine What are a couple of substances that should not be found in urine? For each of these substances, why is it problematic if they are found to be present in a urine sample?

Answer 1

Abnormal substance found in urine could be because of disease, certain diets, or if the kidney is not functioning properly, some of them are as follows.

Protein, Proteinuria is increased levels of protein in the urine. This condition can be a sign of kidney damage.Healthy kidneys take wastes out of the blood but leave protein in the blood. Damaged kidneys may fail to separate blood protein from the wastes and protein may leak into the urine.As kidney function worsens, the amount of proteins in the urine increases.There could be other physiological condition which also could cause protein in urine.Other potentially kidney-harming diseases and medical conditions, which can lead to proteinuria, include:Acute inflammation of the kidney, Intravascular hemolysis, which is the destruction of red blood cells and release of hemoglobin in the bloodstream, Preeclampsia, the simultaneous development of hypertension and proteinuria in a pregnant woman, etc.

Glucose, The normal amount of glucose in urine is 0 to 0.8 mmol/L (millimoles per liter). A higher measurement could be a sign of a health proble, when glucose is present in urine, this condition is known as Glyosuria, Normally, your kidneys absorb blood sugar back into your blood vessels from any liquid that passes through them. With glycosuria, your kidneys may not take enough blood sugar out of your urine before it passes out of your body.Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of glycosuria.

Ketones, Normally these ketones will be completely broken down so that there are very few ketones in the urine, If for any reason the body cannot get enough glucose for energy it will switch to using body fats, causing an increase in ketones in the body. This results in more ketones present in the urine.Some of the causes of ketone in urine are, Starvation: not eating for prolonged periods, poorly controlled diabetese, Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).Ketogenic diet (high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, etc.

Blood, Healthy kidneys do not allow blood cells to move from the blood into the urine. Even small increases in the amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in urine may indicate disease. In condition like hematuria, your kidneys or other parts of your urinary tract allow blood cells to leak into urine.Various problems can cause this leakage, including: Urinary tract infections