In: Anatomy and Physiology
1.Answer the following questions concerning leukocytes and macrophages. (a) Leukocytes and macrophages fall under which category—nonspecific or specific defense? Note that your textbook uses the terms nonspecific resistance and nonspecific defense interchangeably, and also uses the terms specific immunity and specific defense interchangeably. (b) Leukocytes and macrophages fall under which category—first, second, or third line of defense? (c) What is the difference between a monocyte and a macrophage?
2.(a) After a B cell is activated, it differentiates into what cells, and what do each of those cells do? (b) A given plasma cell produces antibodies with specificities for about how many different antigens? (c) How many binding sites are there on an antibody for an antigen? (d) There is a binding site on an antibody for what else in addition to antigen binding sites? (e) Do the binding sites on antibodies mentioned in parts (c) and (d) occur in the variable or constant regions of antibodies?
3.Answer the following questions concerning fever. (a) Is fever generally a beneficial or harmful phenomenon? Explain briefly. (b) What leukocytes play the largest role in generating fever? (c) Explain very briefly in your own words how aspirin and ibuprofen reduce fever. (d) Name two mechanisms that directly increase body temperature once the signals that initiate a fever are present. (e) Name two mechanisms that directly decrease body temperature once an infection is defeated.