3. During practice, a women’s field hockey player was hit in the abdomen (right side) with an opponent’s stick. The athlete experiences immediate pain and discomfort. Upon evaluation the athlete complains of pain on her right side and slight discomfort in her right shoulder. Discomfort is located at ribs 8 through 12 in the intercostal spaces. Pain increases just below the diaphragm. After about 30 minutes of rest, the athlete begins to vomit and lose consciousness.

1. What are some indications of possible red flags?
2. What structures can be involved and in what region and quadrant are they located?
3. What pathologies would you rule out?
4. Does this athlete demonstrate any referred pain patterns? If so, explain.  
5. What do you think is wrong with this football player?

2. After 3 days of increasing abdominal pain, a hockey player comes to see you. He does not recall any incidence of direct trauma but has been working on his slap shot more than normal (pain increases during the wind up phase). He notes moderate discomfort while at rest and increased difficulty removing his shirt. There is no swelling or discoloration but upon evaluation you notice a slight gap in the lower abdominal musculature (two inches to the left of the umbilicus) along with tenderness. He has difficulty performing a straight leg raise noting considerable weakness in the abdominal region. The patient has no blood in the urine and no referred pain to note.

1. What structures can be involved and in what region and quadrant are they located?
2. What pathologies should be ruled out?
3. What do you think is wrong with the hockey player and what type of exercises can correct the problem?

1. A football player comes to you complaining of pain on his left side after falling on it while diving for a ball. He complains of some soreness over the lower thoracic ribs but most of the pain is just below that. He also noticed some pain in the left shoulder. After evaluating the athlete, you determine that his tenderness is centralized over the left flank (upper abdomen and back).

1. What structures can be involved and in what region and quadrant are they located?
2. What pathologies would you rule out?
3. Does this athlete demonstrate any referred pain patterns? If so, explain.
4. What do you think is wrong with this football player?
5. What are some red flags that this individual can experience?

what is an example of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociative curve and explain why this shift occurs, and relate it to oxygen binding affinity, loading/unloading of oxygen, and changes in PO2

Why are people with high blood pressure at a greater risk for having a hemorrhagic (or bleeding) stroke?

A 38 year old man comes into the ER with several problems. He has had the stomach flu and has been vomiting for a couple days now. He is lethargic. His pulse rate is high, his respiratory rate is 35 and his breath smells of acetone. His glucose was high and his pH was low. What is the problem with this patient? What is your possible diagnosis?

To what extend are IT professionals responsible for the surgery accuracy of robots they program?

students should provide an answer to the ethical dilemma through the lens of each of the ethical theories presented in lectures. These include utilitarianism, deontology, social contract theory, character-based ethics.

1. In one paragraph or less, propose the best solution to the following experimental problems:
   A) You are trying to do a two-colour FRAP experiment using epifluorescence microscopy. You make FP constructs of your two proteins and confirm that each retains its function within your cells. One of the two proteins is coupled to a green emitter and one is coupled to a red emitter. You test each FP construct separately within the cell line (cell-FPgreen and cell-FPred), and find that each protein (based on the FP signal) localizes to the nucleus, showing a bright fluorescence emission in either the green (strain-FPgreen) or red (strain-FPred), and you find that you are able to track the movement of each protein separately during a FRAP experiment. However, when you express both FP constructs together in the same strain (strain-FPgreen-FPred), you see predominantly red fluorescence. What might be happening, and how could you remedy it?

Why can’t the 3’ end of pre-mRNA be modified at the same time as the 5’ cap is place on the other end?

1. How does the body remove heat during and after aerobic exercise?

2. Explain the anaerobic threshold.

3. During exercise, are the muscles or the body’s surface/skin the priority destination for blood?

4. Explain how oxygen and ATP affect exercise.

At the molecular level, what is happening during the refactory period in neurons and muscle fibers?