Explain every stage of the evolution of the Ischemic heart disease please (no handwriting please)

Endocrine System disorder

Case: 15 year-old Zinga is brought to the ER by her mother. She is hyperventilating, vomiting and complaining of nausea. Her mother states that her daughter has not seemed like herself lately.

She is very thin (and recently has been losing weight) although her mother indicates she has been eating and drinking continuously.

Her urinary frequency has increased dramatically. She has even been having trouble with bed-wetting although this previously had not been a problem.

What disease do you suspect Zinga could be suffering from?

As a doctor laboratory tests would you perform to confirm your suspicions?

How can you explain Zinga’s nausea and hyperventilation?

How would you describe Zinga’s breath and urine? What would cause them to be this way?

What treatment would you recommend for Zinga?

52 year old male admitted 2 weeks ago. complained of malaise and a cough. CT scan raised the possibility of a cerebellar infarct on the left side.
precious history:
treated for hypertension.
precious admitted 7 years ago with angina.
elevated plasma cholesterol on admission.
smoker.
Lumbar puncture performed showed the presence of Haemophilus sp. patient was treated with benzylpenicillin, he then became hypertensive, which was attributed to septic shock. noted at this stage that he had a primary infection of the right ear.
what was the cause of death?
what were the signs and symptoms?

Observing the effect of placing the patient on a ventilator. Mechanical Ventilation with PEEP=0.0.

What accounts for the different direction of the pleural pressure during inspiration while spontaneously breathing compared to during mechanical ventilation?

Under what circumstance is alveolar pressure equal to airway pressure?

Describe the digestion and absorption and vascular transport of a fat (triacylglycerol). Include/specify all relevant mechanical and chemical digestion mechanisms. Identify specific locations, mechanisms and processes – as well as accessory organ contributions. Explain how specific digestive tract structures and components of other systems play a role in digestion, absorption and transport of this nutrient.

Describe the composition of semen. Indicate the reproductive structures each component derives from, as well as the function(s) of each component. Indicate normal volume and numbers as appropriate. Also explain the autonomic regulation of male sexual response (erection and ejaculation).

Describe the structure and functional properties of: i) the (renal) filtration membrane, and ii) the respiratory membrane. Indicate what forces are involved in driving exchange at these locations, describe and quantify these forces, and describe what is exchanged. Finally, explain clearly Goodpasture Syndrome and how/why it compromises normal function of these two important “membranes”.

1. TRUE OR FALSE: High frequency nerve fibers course along the outer surface of the auditory nerve bundle.

2. Which cranial nerve is involved in sensory AND motor function of the tongue?

a. Trigeminal

b. Facial

c. Vagus

d. Glossopharyngeal

e. Hypoglossal

3. Select the structure or region innervated by the efferent fibers of each cranial nerve.

Trigeminal (V)

Facial (VII)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Vagus (X)

Hypoglossal (XII)

The choices are: Face, Larynx, Muscles of Mastication, None, Intrinsic & Extrinsic Tongue Muscles, Posterior 1/3 of Tongue

4. The vestibulocochlear nerve is primarily….

a. Efferent

b. Afferent

5. Most of the neurons that receive sensory information from the cochlea are attached to

a. OHCs

b. IHCs

6. Select the structure or region innervated by the afferent fibers of each cranial nerve.

Trigeminal (V)

Facial (VII)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Vagus (X)

Hypoglossal (XII)

The choices are: Anterior 2/3 of Tongue, None, Larynx, Face Lower Jaw Mouth, Posterior 1/3 of Tongue, Cochlea

compare and contrast the phases and ionic events that produce an action potential in a contractile cardiomyocyte from an action potential in the specialized conduction tissue like a sino-atrial nodal cell

1. Adaptation of Touch receptors: use a penny, with the examinee’s eyes closed, place it on their forearm, start timing and record when the examinee no longer feels the penny. Add a second penny to another location, repeat the timed test. For the third portion stack the 3 more pennies at the first location, and time the examinee until they no longer feel the pennies.

a. Why is the adaptation of the touch receptors particularly important while we wear clothes? If the answer is not immediately apparent, consider the opposite phenomenon: what would happen, in terms of sensory input, if these receptors did not exhibit adaptation?

b. Are these fast or slow adapting receptors, and identify the receptor?

You are developing a new drug to treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). You know that patients do not show clinical signs of improvement when they begin taking an SSRI. Your goal is to create a drug that will result in immediate improvement for patients, and can be used with SSRIs initially, and discontinued once the SSRI becomes fully effective. (10 points total)

a. Explain how SSRIs affect transmission at serotonin synapses, and why clinical effects are not seen immediately after a patient starts taking this medication. (6 pts)

b. What part of neuronal transmission would you target with your drug? Why would this alleviate the issue with SSRIs? (NOTE: Your answer should be logical and specific, and draw on what we have covered about communication between neurons this module/semester.) (4 pts)

In the first unit of this module, we discussed the neural basis for learning and memory. (10 points total)

a. What connection does the magnesium block on NMDA channels have to the principle of ‘threshold dependency’ for forming new memories? (3 pts)

b. List one similarity and one difference between the role of NMDA and AMPA channels in the process of LTP. (2 pts)

c. What role does calcium play in LTP? (1 pt)

d. Whereas LTP is an increase in the effectiveness of synapses, LTD is a process by which specific sets of synapses are selectively weakened. Calcium is involved in both LTP and LTD. Explain how different concentrations of calcium would lead to LTP vs. LTD. Be specific in your response, including the enzymes activated by calcium and the downstream changes to the number of receptors embedded in the postsynaptic membrane. (4 pts)

1. Which structural level of organization encompasses the entire body and all levels of organization within it?
2. What is composed of two or more different types of tissues?
3. The respiratory system transfers oxygen from inhaled air to the blood. What does it transfer from the blood to exhaled air?
4. Which system of the human body breaks down food physically and chemically and absorbs nutrients?
5. Which of the following is a component of the lymphatics system? 1- Epididymides 2- thymus 3- parathyroid gland 4- gallbladder
6. Which system of the human body houses the cells that produce blood cells?
7. Which system of the human body releases hormones to regulate body activities?
8. The urinary system includes which of the following components? 1- Urethra 2- Uterus 3- Uterine tubes 4- Thymus
9. Which of the following systems produce sounds via air passing out of the lungs through the vocal cords? 1- Nervous 2- Integumentary 3-Lymphatic 4- Respiratory
10. The muscular system includes which type of voluntarily controlled muscle tissue? 1- cardiovascular 2- Skeleton
11. Within the thoracic cavity, which of the following is the space surrounding the heart? 1- Pericardial cavity 2- pleural cavity 3- mediastinum 4- diaphragm
12. Which of the following organs is included in the pelvic cavity? 1- Urinary bladder 2- Liver 3- kidney 4- Spleen
13. In the system of dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into nine regions, what line is drawn through the midpoint of the left clavicle, just medial to the left nipple?
14. Which of the following is the dome-shaped structure separating the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? 1- Mediastinum 2- Diaphragm 3- Pericardium 4- Pleura
15. The protective tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord are known as what?
16. The dorsal cavity includes the cranial cavity and what?
17. Which of the following is a term for one of the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity? 1- Mediastinum 2- Right upper quadrant 3- Hypogastric 4- parietal
18. Within the thoracic cavity, what is the term for the spaces surrounding the lungs?
19. What type of movement is characterized by an increase in the angle between the articulating bones of a synovial joint?
20. What type of movement is characterized by a lateral movement of the sole of the foot, away from the midline?
21. Which directional term means on the opposite side of the body from another structure?
22. Which directional term means nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk or nearer to the origination of a structure?
23. A transverse plane is also known as what?
24. Which directional term means on the same side of the body as another structure?
25. Which directional term, also known as DORSAL, means nearer to or at the back of the body?
26. Which movement is characterized by a decrease in the angle between the articulating bones of a synovial joint?
27. Which movement is characterized by a movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned anteriorly, a position that is one of the defining features of the anatomical position?
28. A midsagittal plane is also known as what?
29. Which movement is characterized by the movement of a body part in a circle?
30. Which regions of the upper limb is also known as the fingers?
31. The spinal column is also known as what region?
32. The sternal region is a component of which body regions?
33. Which region of the lower limb is also known as the space behind the knee?
34. The cheeks are also known as which region?
35. The chest is also known as which region?
36. The cranial and facial regions are parts of which major region of the body?
37. The region known as the lower limb is attached to the trunk and includes a thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and what?
38. Which of region of the upper limb is also known as the forearm?
39. Which region is also known as the navel?
40. The eyes are also known as what region?

A: Draw a coronal section of the brain & label all the basal ganglia structures

and the thalamic nuclei. Draw the direct pathway indicating GABA & Glutamate at the

proper synapses on the left side. Draw the indirect pathway indicating GABA &

Glutamate at the proper synapses on the right side. Use an entire piece of paper and

draw big

B: Sketch and label the 12 arteries. Use full names, not abbreviations.

The structure that protects most of the larynx anteriorly is the...

Which choice below BEST represents posterior protection for our lungs?

The hard structure inferior to our "Adam's Apple" is the....

What might be a consequence if the body had few, if any, chloride ions?

How do you Diagnosis SARS, MERS, and Covid-19? List and describe the tests performed and the differences in the diagnosis. If any sources are used please list below thank you.