1. Explain how/why Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors would work to reduce blood pressure (ie, what ASPECT of blood pressure is affected, and how is it affected

Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism:

            a. Which is the most effective mode of metabolism and what does the body require for this?

            b. Why do we need the other mode?

After returning to the recovery room the valve starts to leak and the blood pressure starts to fall, a patient who was sent open-heart surgery for a replacement of an aortic valve. After the personal starts to infuse norepinephrine to increase the blood pressure, the renal function of the patient starts to decline.

1. What are the mechanisms by which norepinephrine might lower the glomerular filtration rate? Be sure to focus on renal plasma flow and Glomerular Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure.

2. The personal is concerned by his lowered glomerular filtration rate. The elect to try a new treatment, the infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). What might be the mechanism by which this would increase GFR?

Data Table 2: Microscopic Examination of Connective Tissue

What are the physical characteristics?

2. Explain the process of contraction of:   

1. Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle (show the differences between them)

2. Smooth muscle  

3. Draw the action potential of a skeletal muscle cell, Sinoatrial Node cell, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle cell and explain the differences between them.  

Match the following. Place letter answer in space provided at left. Answers may be used more than once or not at all

Identify 3 upper respiratory tract organs. For each, describe one important structural characteristic (could be a tissue type within the wall or a more unique structure/part) that is important for its function in that location. Include a brief comment connecting the characteristic to its functional role.

Trace the path ofa molecule of lipid from the point of ingestion until it reaches the lumen of the right atrium of the heart (in circulation). Describe the anatomical structures this molecule passes on its journey (alimentary canal organs/regions/structures, accessory organs, valves, epithelial tissues, relevant transport vessels it passes through)

5. Describe the parts of a nephron that form and modify filtrate, in order, until it officially becomes urine. Include kidney location, tissue type, and function in urine formation for each part.

6. Name the male and female gonads. Describe one anatomical/structural similarity and one functional similarity between the male and female gonads. Comment on the reason these organs are similar.

1. If someone has a calcium deficiency, how will that effect their muscle for generation? Why would it effect  

2. How does optimal length effect the cross bridges? What happens at greater the optimal length and what happens at less the optimal length?

For this section, write the proper anatomical planes and directions?

1. Stand (or imagine yourself standing) in standard anatomical position. Which plane divides your body into left and right halves?

2. Relative to your sternum, where is your cranium positioned? Your second thoracic vertebra?

3. Relative to your sacrum, where is your ilium positioned? Your femora?

4. Relative to your humerus, where is your ulna positioned? Your scapula?

1) discuss the origin of sperm and testosterone.

2) discuss the origin of the ovum and both estrogen and progesterone.

A)Know where each of the following carries blood to and from, and if the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated...

1:left common carotid artery

2: Interatrial septum

B) For each chamber of the heart where does it deliver blood during systole, where it receives blood during diastole