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In: Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 10 - Blood Case scenario 1: A person undergoes a laboratory test upon his admission...

Chapter 10 - Blood
Case scenario 1: A person undergoes a laboratory test upon his admission to the hospital with road traffic accident with sever bleeding. The nurse ask the patient whether he knew his blood type. He told her that he “had the same blood as most other people”. As the patient’s condition becomes more critical, and there is no time for determining his blood type.

a.What is his ABO blood type ? what type of blood is transfused, and why?
b.Do you think determining the blood group of both the donor and the recipient before blood transfusion is esstenial? Reason it out why and why not?   
c.What is the probable result of infusing mismatched blood?   
Case scenario 2: In preparation for a scheduled surgery, a patient visits the hospital lab for a blood draw. The technician collects a blood sample and performs a test to determine its type. She places a sample of the patient’s blood in two wells. To the first well she adds anti-A antibody. To the second she adds anti-B antibody. Both samples visibly agglutinate.
a. Has the technician made an error, or is this a normal response? If normal, what blood type does this indicate?   
b.What is the difference between the antigen and antibody?   

Solutions

Expert Solution

Case 1.

A. His ABO blood group is group O. It's the most common group in the world. The unmatched RBCs are transfused in to the patient. So he is given with O negative blood. As the test is not done to identify the Rh antigen if negative is given there is no antigen in it. So if the patient not having The antigen is supplied with blood having Rh antigen it will create serious issue. In order to avoid that O Rh-ve is given.

B. Yes it's essential. We can't give mismatched blood to the patient. Inorder to infuse blood to a patient the crossmatch checking is done with the donor and patient. If the patient has blood group A and the donor has blood group B. The patent has antibody B with him. So if the B group is given. Agglutination reaction occurs and take the life of patient.

C. If a mismatched blood group is given as we dusy in the previous point agglutination reaction will occur.

Case 2.

A. The technician followed the correct procedure. To each of the wells with blood drops he added Antibody A to the first and Antibody B to the second. As agglutination occur the the blood group is AB. If blood has Antigen A it agglutinate in the first well and if the blood has Antigen B it agglutinate in the second well. So it's AB.

B. Antigens are most suitable molecules to create an immune response. But here it's a blood group antigen. It's present with the blood and not harmful to the human. The antibodies are the protein molecules that reacts to the antigen and makes an immune response. In case of blood too if antigen and antibody acts immune response occurs and leads to agglutination.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago
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