Question

105. Identify the digestive aid that emulsifies fats.                                       

106. Hyposecretion of what hormone causes dwarfism in kids?                    

107. Identify the structure in the ileum/small intestine that is responsible for pest control.                               

108. Acetyl CoA is the key for entry into what metabolic pathway?

109. Give an example of a heterozygous gene /genotype                             

110. What WBC secretes histamine?                                                

111. Where is the hormone produced that targets the corpus luteum during pregnancy?                                                                           

112. What major vessels take deO₂ /deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart?           

113. Hyperventilation results in?                                                                  

114. Identify the specific cell that has CD4 protein markers.                         

115. Name the metabolic pathway wherein glucose →PA (pyruvic acid).        

116. Give an example of a homozygous dominant gene.                              

117. Identify the cells in the testes that are targeted by LH. Be specific.        

118. What major vessel brings deO₂/deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the upper extremities?       

119. In general, what causes respiratory acidosis? (Not a specific condition)

120. Identify the structure in the villi/small intestine that absorb dietary fats.  

121. What do plasma cells secrete?                                                            

122. What is the digestive aid, found in the stomach, that denatures protein?

123. Hyper-secretion of what hormone causes Grave’s in adults?                  

124. What WBC combats acute bacterial infection?                                      

125. Didn’t you learn an amazing amount in this course?                              

Answer 1

105: Bile juice has bile pigments such as bilirubin and biliverdin. These pigments break down large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. The process is known as emulsification of fats.

106.Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), also known as dwarfism or pituitary dwarfism, is a condition caused by insufficient amounts of growth hormone in the body. Children with GHD have abnormally short stature with normal body proportions.

107. The ileum is entirely covered by serosa from the outside. It is made up of simple squamous epithelium and a connective tissue layer underneath (lamina propria serosae). A characteristic feature of the ileum is the Peyer's patches lying in the mucosa. It is an important part of the GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), responsible for pest control.

108. Acetyl-CoA is produced by the breakdown of both carbohydrates (by glycolysis) and lipids (by β-oxidation). It then enters the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion by combining with oxaloacetate to form citrate.

109. Heterozygous means that an organism has two different alleles of a gene. For example, pea plants can have red flowers and either be homozygous dominant (red-red), or heterozygous (red-white). If they have white flowers, then they are homozygous recessive (white-white). Carriers are always heterozygous.

110. As part of an immune response to foreign pathogens, histamine is produced by basophils and by mast cells found in nearby connective tissues. Histamine increases the permeability of the capillaries to white blood cells and some proteins, to allow them to engage pathogens in the infected tissues.

111. In women, relaxin is secreted into the circulation by the corpus luteum in the ovary. During pregnancy it is also released from the placenta, the membranes which surround the fetus, and the lining of the uterus.

112. Pulmonary artery is the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

113. Hyperventilation, sustained abnormal increase in breathing. During hyperventilation the rate of removal of carbon dioxide from the blood is increased. As the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood decreases, respiratory alkalosis, characterized by decreased acidity or increased alkalinity of the blood, ensues.

114. In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

115. Glycolysis

116. A homozygous dominant genotype is one in which both alleles are dominant. For example, in pea plants, height is governed by a single gene with two alleles, in which the tall allele (T) is dominant and the short allele (t) is recessive.

117.

Leydig cells

1. LH is the principle stimulus of testosterone secretion by the Leydig cells. Direct effects of estrogens and androgens on these cells might modulate the response to LH. Androgens are apparently influencing the differentiation an the contractility of peritubular cells.

118. Inferior vena cava/Superior vena cava

119. Respiratory acidosis involves a decrease in respiratory rate and/or volume (hypoventilation). Common causes include impaired respiratory drive (eg, due to toxins, CNS disease), and airflow obstruction (eg, due to asthma, COPD [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease], sleep apnea, airway edema).

120. Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries that absorb dietary fats.

121. Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the bone marrow and secrete large quantities of proteins called antibodies in response to being presented specific substances called antigens.

122.

Pepsin

It is produced by the stomach cells called "chief cells" in its inactive form pepsinogen, which is a zymogen. Pepsinogen is then activated by the stomach acid into its active form, pepsin. Pepsin breaks down the protein in the food into smaller particles, such as peptide fragments and amino acids.

123. Growth harmones.

due to time constraints I am unable to solve last question. For solution you can post again for last question.