Mrs. Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft.-high overhead shelf, striking her outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground. The ambulance personnel reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene and was “knocked out” when they arrived. To minimize further hemorrhage, the paramedics applied a pressure bandage to her arm.

You meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a “killer headache.” To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following:

1. Most connective tissue, including bone, is highly vascular. Which anatomical structures in Mrs. Morgan’s compact bone house blood vessels (2 points)? What sign or symptom in Mrs. Morgan’s case is directly related to disruption of these structures by her bone fractures (1 point)? How is the sign or symptom related to these anatomical structures (1 point)?

2. Within days after a fracture, a “soft callus” of fibrocartilage forms. What fibers are found in this type of cartilage (1 point)? Identify the cells required for fibrocartilaginous callus formation and list their functions (2 points).

3. As a fracture is repaired, new bone is added to the injury site. What term is used to describe the addition of new bone tissue (1 point)? Identify which bone cell is responsible for this process (1 point)and explain how it occurs (2 points).

During leg extension and flexion which nerves are being used?

The hormones insulin, glucagon, thyroxin and leptin can all affect energy storage in the body. Which hormone increases the rate of energy release and use?

1) Insulin

2) Glucagon

3) Thyroxin

4) Leptin

Trace a drop of blood from the Right Ulnar Vein to the Splenic Artery.

Trace blood flow from the Inferior Mesenteric Vein to the Brain.

What happens in lymphopoiesis in embryonic and adult stages of development. Alongside the key steps in each stage, also mention some influencing factors relating to its development

Dot point answers will be fine

1. If your tonsils are removed, how does your body develop an immune response against antigens in the throat?

2. The radical mastectomy is an operation in which a cancerous breast, surrounding tissues, and the underlying muscles of the anterior thoracic wall, plus the axillary lymph nodes, are removed. After such an operation, the arm usually swells, or becomes edematous, and is very uncomfortable -- sometimes for months. Why?

Imagine that you are on the front line (also known as triage) in a hospital and are receiving patients presenting with possible Coronavirus symptoms. What would you be looking for in terms of symptoms for these patients? How would you differentiate them from people who may be coming in for different reasons? Your role is to investigate what symptoms these patients arrive with that makes you suspicious for this disease. Also provide a reason why this virus has a special affinity for the lungs. As with all medical staff who work together to care for a patient, you will be working together in groups of 3 to 5 people (your choice) to provide answers to this question.

Inflammatory responses produced by the complement cascade are induced by the cleaving of which two proteins?

Would you rather have an inflammatory disease (this arthritis) in a sutural joint, syndesmosis joint, gomphosis joint, synchondrosis joint, symphysis joint or a synovial joint. Defend your answer

Compare the different visual illusions encountered in the flight environment.

How do the rods and cones differ functionally describe the process of photoreception?

Please type text and more than 150 words please

Draw on an 8.5 x 11 inch piece of paper the 2 signalling pathways (hormones- receptors- key signalling steps) that will converge to a single effect on the SAME cell (for example, lipolysis (fat breakdown). The later parts of the signalling pathways can be left in general terms, ie. “protein” phosphorylation, and lipolysis as a general term in the end. You do not need to provide more details on lipolysis. When the adipocyte effect of lipolysis is achieved BY BOTH HORMONES, draw the feedback loop(s) to the hypothalamus for ONE of the hormones.

**detailed description with words as well please

1) A mother takes her son to the doctor and describes the following symptoms that she has observed. The child is running a fever, has flu-like symptoms, and his lymph glands are very swollen and sore to the touch. Of what significance are the swollen and sore lymph glands?

2) A woman had a mastectomy that included the removal of axillary lymph nodes on her left side. What does she risk regarding her left arm and why?

3) A man involved in a traffic accident is rushed to the emergency room of a hospital with severe internal bleeding. Examination reveals a ruptured spleen. What is the treatment of choice and what is the likely long-term outcome (prognosis)?

4) While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with one enormous leg and one normal-sized leg. What could have caused the increased size of the swollen leg?

5) Lymphedema may occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed. Explain why it might occur.

6) A nurse palpated enlarged lymph nodes. Describe signs and symptoms that help to distinguish cancerous lymph nodes from infected lymph nodes.

7) Describe why the prognosis of cancer is best when there is no detectable spread from the region of the primary tumor to the lymph nodes.

8) As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progresses, some individuals develop persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (any disease of the lymph nodes). Explain why this may occur.

9) A 36-year-old man enters the hospital in an extremely debilitated condition. He has purple-brown skin lesions (a symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma) and a persistent cough. A physical examination reveals swollen lymph nodes, and laboratory tests find a very low lymphocyte count. Information taken during the personal history reveals that he has multiple sex partners with whom he frequently engages in unprotected sex. What is likely to be the man's problem and what is his outlook?

10) A young girl requires a liver transplant due to failure of her liver to function. What is required for her to have a good prognosis and why?

11) A woman comes into the hospital emergency room complaining that she is having problems swallowing and her neck is swelling. She has a history of radiation treatment to her neck as a child for acne. What could be the problem?

12) Max is bitten by a rattlesnake while on a camping trip. His friends immediately apply ice packs to the bitten area to slow the spread of the protein-based toxin; they then rush him to an emergency facility. What treatment would be given and why?

13) A physician orders Tylenol for a temperature greater than 101 degrees F. The patient's temperature is 100.4 F. Explain the rationale for not medicating a fever of 100.4 F.

14) Nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) includes monitoring of T lymphocyte counts. Explain why.

15) After receiving penicillin intravenously, a 32-year-old male patient has an anaphylactic reaction. The nurse understands that therapeutic management includes what critical items?

16) When the white blood cell count is depressed, the classic signs of infection such as redness, heat, and swelling are not manifested. In this case, the nurse should avoid administering aspirin. Explain why.