Question

Question- Name the four main atoms found in the human body plus two other rarer atoms.1 pt for each element, [6 pt]

The octet rule describes how many ________ are needed for stability in the valence shell of atoms (1 pt)

Answer 1

The 4 major elements present inside human body are

1. Oxygen - 65% : ​​​​​​ we breathe in Oxygen for respiration. Oxygen through oxidation converts food into energy and this energy is supplied to various cells and cell organelles present in the body.
2. ​​​​​​Carbon - 18% : carbon atoms forms the basic backbone of many important molecules in the body like DNA , RNA ,sugars ,etc
3. hydrogen - 10% : hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water. Hydrogen is present in almost all the fluids in the body. Hydrogen present in joint helps in lubrication and perform it's function.
4. Nitrogen - 3% : nitrogen is the essential part of amino acids. Amino acids make up the proteins.Nitrogen is also structural component of DNA , RNA.

TWO RATE ATOMS

1. ​​​​calcium - 1.5%: Calcium in humans helps in formation of bones and teeth. Calcium helps in blood coagulation, muscle contraction ,etc
2. Phosphate -1.2%: they are helpful in formation of DNA , proteins, bones ,etc.They attach to carbon by phosphodiester bonds in DNA .

OCTET RULE:

• ​​​​​​​Valence shell : it is the outer most orbit of every element.
• It startes that every element with atomic number less than 20 bonds with other elements in such a way that, there are 8 electrons in their valence shell .
• This gives the same configuration of noble gases and leads to formation of stability.