Question

11. What are some of the barriers to communication? Provide detailed examples showing verbal and nonverbal barriers to communication.

12. What is the difference between the direct approach and the indirect approach to writing? Give an example for using each. What types of messages would work best with each approach?

13. What is the difference between primary and secondary research data? Name two examples of each.

14. How does what is acceptable for eye contact, facial expressions, and body movements change with other cultures? Give examples.

Answer 1

• 11.Effective communication need's knowledge of good verbal and non-verbal communication techniques and the possible barriers that may affect good communication.
• Verbal communication comes in the form of spoken language; it can be formal or informal in its delivery. Verbal Language is one of the main ways in which we communicate and is a good way to gather information through a question (an integral part of communication) and answer process.
• For verbal communication to be effective, good listening skills are essential. Sharing information, concerns and feelings becomes difficult, if the person being spoken to doesn't look interested.
• Poor listening could be as a result of message overload, physical noise, poor effort and psychological noise.
• Non-verbal communication does not involve spoken language and can sometimes be more effective than words that are spoken.
• Non-verbal communication adds depth to speech; to re affirm verbal communication; to control the flow of communication; to convey emotions; to help define relationships and a way of giving feedback.
• The way we ask a question, the tone, and pitch, volume and speed all have an integral part to play in non - verbal communication.
• Non-verbal actions (kinesis) can communicate messages, such as body language, touch, gestures, facial expressions and eye contact. By using the universal facial expressions of emotion, our face can show many emotions without verbally saying how we feel.
• Language Barriers(verbal)- Clearly, language and linguistic ability may act as a barrier to communication. However, even when communicating in the same language, the terminology used in a message may act as a barrier if it is not fully understood by the receivers. For example, a message that includes a lot of specialist jargon and abbreviations will not be understood by a receiver who is not familiar with the terminology used
• Psychological Barriers- The psychological state of the receiver will influence how the message is received. For example, if someone has personal worries and is stressed, they may be preoccupied by personal concerns and not as receptive to the message as if they were not stressed. Stress management is an important personal skill that affects our interpersonal relationships.
• Anger is another example of a psychological barrier to communication. When we are angry it is easy to say things that we may later regret and also to misinterpret what others are saying.
• More generally, people with low self-esteem may be less assertive and therefore may not feel comfortable communicating - they may feel shy about saying how they really feel, or read negative sub-texts into messages they hear.
• Physiological Barriers- Physiological barriers may result from the receiver’s physical state. For example, a receiver with reduced hearing may not grasp the entirety of a spoken conversation, especially if there is significant background noise.
• Physical Barriers(non-verbal)- An example of a physical barrier to communication is geographic distance between the sender and receiver. Communication is generally easier over shorter distances as more communication channels are available and less technology is required.
• Attitudinal Barriers(non-verbal)- Attitudinal barriers are behaviors or perceptions that prevent people from communicating effectively. Attitudinal barriers to communication may result from personality conflicts, poor management, resistance to change, or a lack of motivation. Effective receivers of messages should attempt to overcome their own attitudinal barriers to facilitate effective communication.
• Due to time limit,remaining questions can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation