Question

QUESTION 01: Define leadership and management

QUESTION 02: Discuss some the leadership theories i.e Contingency Theory, Path goal theory, Great man theory, Management theirs, Transformation theory.

QUESTION 03: Do an organizational setting in which they discussing the leadership styles of Steve Jobs in Apple. Then write conclusion and recommendation.

Answer 1

1) Leadership is defined as the social and group task where one team or person influences others to motivate them to support the entire group, including themselves, to achieve some bigger purpose or a common mutually decided objective.

Once the objectives are broadly defined, we require management. They are the group of people that bring the coordination of people and activities to plan, organize, staff direct and accomplish desired objectives.

2) Contingency theory - It talks that relationships are the tool and what leads to it is the stronger bonding with the followers. Whenever there is an uncertain criterion, task-oriented leadership usually wins. It mainly discusses about Fiedler's set of factors, the extent of leader's influence, nature of leadership and task structuring. One must first look at the critical aspects of the leader for some situation followed by the critical aspects of the situation. It requires selecting the right kind of leader for some situation or modifying the situation as per leader's style.

Path-Goal theory - It says that leader is responsible for motivating employees solely. They do so by lighting the path toward the organizational and personal goals and by linking reward to goal achievement. It defines 4 type of leaders: Directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented.

Great man theory - This states that a person is born with certain qualities that make him/her a leader and not made. Only the great people like, Gandhi, Napoleon, Lincon, etc had these qualities since birth. These qualities are charm, strength, intellect, influence, sociability, confidence and aggressiveness.

3) There was a time when Jobs just took over. He found that designs were mundane and Apple's market share was plummeting down severely and is no more a market leader.

In that case, Jobs conclusion and recommendations to improve the situation were:

a) Be a transformational leader by inspiring others to bring change in the organization as a whole.

b) Creating valuable and assertive change in the teams.

c) By being a charismatic leader, he brought the innovation so required.

d) He was very demanding and known for his blunt criticism. But the important thing was he has a vision and thought backward from the customer's point of view that brought all the change in the company under his leadership.