Question

B) What are the ethical concerns about the stem cells? C) Why is cell culture used in tissue engineering? B) Tissue culture medium is the “soup” that cells are grown in. Briefly describe its composition and best conditions for cell culturing. (Hint: List the names and write down for what purpose we use them) ? B) How can you make a scaffold? (Hint: Scaffold preparation technique)

Answer 1

ETHICAL CONCERN:-The derivation of pluripotent stem cell lines from oocytes and embryos is fraught with disputes about the onset of human personhood. The reprogramming of somatic cells to produce induced pluripotent stem cells avoids the ethical problems specific to embryonic stem cell research.
another concerns is taking consent of the donor.

USE Of CELL CULTURE:-Tissue engineering utilizes living cells as engineering materials. Examples include using living fibroblasts in skin replacement or repair, cartilage repaired with living chondrocytes, or other types of cells used in other ways. Cell is the building block of any tissue present in the body

Tissue culture composition:-

The essential elements in plant cell or tissue culture media include, besides C, H and O, macroelements: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) for satisfactory growth and morphogenesis. Culture media should contain at least 25-60 mM of inorganic nitrogen for satisfactory plant cell growth. Potassium is required for cell growth of most plant species. Most media contain K in the form of nitrate chloride salts at concentrations ranging between 20 and 30 mM. The optimum concentrations of P, Mg, S and Ca range from 1-3 mM if other requirements for cell growth are provided

best conditions of cell culture:-

Cells are grown and maintained at an appropriate temperature and gas mixture (typically, 37 °C, 5% CO2 for mammalian cells) in a cell incubator. Culture conditions vary widely for each cell type, and variation of conditions for a particular cell type can result in different phenotypes.

scaffold:- scaffold are 3D material constructed in order to provide structure to developing tissue and allow cells to adhere, proliferate, differentiate,and secrete extra cellular matrix.

many materials are investigated to form scaffold like polymers both natural and artificial, ( PEG, collagen, bioactive ceramics.

Scaffolds Synthesis Nanofiber self-assembly: Molecular self-assembly is one of the few methods for creating biomaterials with properties similar in scale and chemistry to that of the natural in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM), a crucial step toward tissue engineering of complex tissues. Moreover, these hydrogel scaffolds have shown superiority in in vivo toxicology and biocompatibility compared to traditional macro scaffolds and animal-derived materials.