Question

Using what you know about stem cells and cell differentiation, explain HOW bone marrow cells can travel to the brain and differentiate into neurons. Make sure to discuss the role of cell signaling processes and cellular induction.

Answer 1

Transplantrd bone marrow cells can migrate to a recipients brain and transform into neurons. Adult bone marrow could be coaxed to turn into neurons. Study shows that some kind of cell in bone marrow most likely a stem cell, has the capacity to enter the brain and differentiate into neurons. Most of the bone marrow -derived cells in the brain tissue were glia i.e support cells and other non-neuronal cells, this suggests that a single bone marrow -derived stem cells may migrate into a area of need and then differentiate into neurons. One of the area that we have stem cells that are in bone marrow.

There is evidence in mice and humans that bone marrow cells contribute to neurons. And specificity of markers used , cell generated in vivo have the functional characteristics of neurons. Bone marrow Cells fuse with or generate Purkinje cells. It is possible that bone marrow cells either by direct generation or by cell fusion, could play a role in repair of CNS damage.

Cell signalling which is often also referred to as signal transduction or transmembrane signalling, process by which cells communicate with their environment and respond temporarily to external cues that they sence there.

Receptors mediated signal transduction is a fundamental cellular process essential for communicating events at the cell surface and interactions with the extracellular environment into changes of gene expression that occur in the nucleus. MSCs are multipotent and give rise to distinctly differentiated neuronal has great potential for cellular therapy . So cluster of neuronal cells differentiated by growth factors , such as FGF, HGF and VEGF. Additional growth factors or chemicals cell processes becomes thinner and longer and morphologic changes are observed, such as the area of cytoplasm around the nucleus growing smaller.