Question

Using the Social Ecological model, explain how this social determinant exists at EACH level (individual, community, policy, etc). Provide concrete examples of how we can address the inequities caused by this social determinant at each level.

Answer 1

SOLUTION

SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL

This model allows us to understand the range of factors that put people at risk for violence or protect them from experiencinng or perpetrating violence.

INDIVIDUAL

The first level identifies biological and personal history factors that increase the likelihood of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence. Some of these factors are age, education, income, substance use, or history of abuse. Prevention strategies at this level promote attitudes, believes and behaviours that prevent violence. Specific approaches may include conflict resolution and life skills training.

examples: Knowledge, attitutes,belifs and personality.

COMMUNITY

This level explores the settings such as schools, work-places and neighbourhoods in which social relationshipships occur and seeks to identify the characterstics of these settings that are associated with becoming victims or perpetrators of violence. Prevention strategies at this level impact the social and physical environment. For example reducing social isolation, improving social isolation, improving economic and housing opportunities in neighborhoods as well as the processess, policies and social environment within school and workplace settings.

examples: formal or informal social norms between peoples, groups or organizations.

RELATIONSHIP

This level examines close relationships that may increase the risk of experiencing violence as a victim or perpetrator. A person's closest social circle-peers, partners and family members-influence their behaviour and contribute to their experience. Prevention strategies at this level may include parenting or family focused prevention programs designed to strengthen the problem-solving skills and create healthy relationships.

examples: interactions with other people

POLICIES

This level looks at the broad policies in which violence is encouraged or inhabited. These may also include social and cultural norms that support violence as an acceptable way to resolve conflicts. Other large policies may also include educational and social policies that help to maintain economic or social inequalities between groups or society.

examples:local, state and federal policies