Question

Match each intervention strategy to the level of the Ecological Model it most closely corresponds to: (½ pt each):

A. Intrapersonal

B. Interpersonal

C. Organizational

D. Community

E. Policy

____ Incentives and disincentives

____ Health-related services

____ Health education

____ Environmental change

____ Organizational culture

____ Health policy

____ Social support

____ Behavior modification

____ Community mobilization

Answer 1

ECOLOGICAL MODEL

It is model in which, behavioral science and public health evolved, studies the relationship between people nature and their physical & socio- cultural surrounding that its environment. It provides frame work for the different elements of health.

Level of ecological model

1. Intrapersonal- it includes gender, skills, religion, identity, economic status value goal expectation, cooping skills, genetics, management skills, health literacy, stigma related to counselling and accessing health care skills.

Intervention includes educating, training and skill enhancement of target group.

2. Interpersonal – formal and informal social networks.

Includes- teachers, family, coworkers, clubs, intramuscular sports, roommates etc.

Intervention includes educating, training and skill enhancement of people who come contact with the target group. (family, peers, teachers, coworkers)

3. Organizational- social organization with rules and regulation for its working

It includes organization environment, services, financial policies, distance to classes, building, noises, air quality safety, climate tolerance or intolerance, unclean environment, lightening etc.

INTERVNTION- educating, training and skill enhancement of people beyond the target population and include the modification in organizational policies, environment and services.

4. Community- community norms and regulation exist between individual, group and community.

It includes transportation, community parking, campus housing business, neighborhood association etc.

Intervention - educating, training and skill enhancement of general community beyond the target population and include the modification community leaders to community policies, environment and services.

5. Policy- local, state or federal law and policies that support health action and policy.

It includes- restriction of smoking or alcohol use in the public places which provide incentive and decentive behaviors, additional policies for violence, global warming, the economy and social injustice   

intervention- educating, training and skill enhancement of general community beyond the target population and immediate contact for policy change, creation and modifications of public policies.

MATCH THE FOLLOWING ANSWER

LEVEL OF MODEL- INTERVENTION

1.. Interpersonal- behaviors modification

            Example – a person having a lack of knowledge about taking nutrition and he is taking calcium      and iron together in diet, in this we have to target that person and modify his behaviors by educating him habit of spitting on the road

2. Intrapersonal - social support and behaviors modification

For example – a violent friend tries to engage other friend in act of violence.

3. Organization- Organizational culture and behavious modification

Example- while entering into the religious place person has to wear some sophisticated and clean cloth to enhance the mode of goodness.

4.Community- environmental change and community mobilization, behavious modification

Example – community leader will bring change in habits of the person like church father educate the people about the corona virus and importance of hand hygiene, followers will change their habit through the influence of community leader.

5. Policy-   Incentives and disincentive, health education and health related services, health policy.

Example educating people about the dangers of smoking through pamphalet, hoarding and advertisment on TV and PVR.

although envrinmental change is also done by health policies.