Question

you will create a one-page essay that begins with a summary of operant and classical conditioning, after providing a summary of each of these, breakdown where you see the similarities and differences between these two learning theories. Finally, explain how this relates to cognitive factors in learning such as to observational learning. well written summary of both operant and classical conditioning, in their own words. This is followed by a well-detailed comparison of the two learning theories. The student provides a clearly defined explanation of how this relates to cognitive factors in learning

Answer 1

• Classical and operant conditioning are two important concepts central to behavioral psychology. While both result in learning, the processes are quite different.
• Classical Conditioning
• First described by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist
• Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex
• Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors
• Operant Conditioning
• First described by B. F. Skinner, an American psychologist
• Involves applying reinforcement or punishment after a behavior
• Focuses on strengthening or weakening voluntary behaviors
• One of the simplest ways to remember the differences between classical and operant conditioning is to focus on whether the behavior is involuntary or voluntary.
• Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence
• In operant conditioning, the learner is also rewarded with incentives, while classical conditioning involves no such enticements. Also, classical conditioning is passive on the part of the learner, while operant conditioning requires the learner to actively participate and perform some type of action in order to be rewarded or punished.
• For operant conditioning to work, the subject must first display a behavior which can then be either rewarded or punished. Classical conditioning, on the other hand, involves forming an association with some sort of already naturally occurring event.
• Similarites between the two would be:-
• In both,the new behaviours are acquired by associative learning.
• Behaviours may become extinct and spontaneously recover after that.
• Stimulus generalisation and discrimination occur in both classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
• Classical and operant conditioning are both similar because they involve making association between behaviour and events in an organism’s environment and are governed by several general laws of association - for example, it is easier to associate stimuli that are similar to each other and that occur at similar times.
  
• Due to time limit,only some questions could be answered,the remaining can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation.