How operant conditioning theorists were able to develop the classical conditioning theury and make it more...

How operant conditioning theorists were able to develop the classical conditioning theury and make it more reasonable? Explain that and support your answers with examples (SM)

Expert Solution

Operant conditioning is the theory of motivation developed by B. F Skinner. It defines that the behavior can be strengthened or weakens by reinforcement and punishment it is based on the law of effect. It can be positive or negative reinforcement or positive or negative punishment. These are the external environment and not the internal state of an individual. In positive reinforcement, something is added to the environment to strengthen the behavior.

The negative reinforcement is removing undesirable or negative consequences to strengthen the desired behavior.

Positive punishment involves presenting an aversive or unfavorable outcome after an undesirable behavior is exhibited. The example is a teacher representing the students when he misbehaves in the class.

The negative punishment is the removal of certain undesirable stimuli that produce undesirable behavior. For example; the child misbehaves in the class and he removed from his favorite activity.

The reinforcement is used to strengthen the behavior and it is long-lasting, whereas punishment is used to weaken the behavior. It is observed once the fear of punishment is gone the person exhibits the same undesirable behavior.

The classical condition theory is developed by Ivan Pavlov it is a simple theory of learning behavior through association. Behavior is learned when neutral unconditioned stimuli are associated with conditioned stimuli it produces a conditioned response and the organism starts behaving unconsciously.

When the stimuli are removed for some time the condition gets extinct and the organism returned to its original behavior.

The operant condition is related to behavior and response and the classical condition is related to the pairing of stimuli. In operant condition, the reinforcement or behavior is displayed first and then it is strengthened or weakened by reinforcement and punishment. In classical conditioning, stimuli are paired to develop the behavior.

Reinforcement can be used as a reward a conditioned stimulus and added to the behavior to strengthen the behavior. For example, if a child exhibits good behavior to strengthen the behavior a star is given to him for each progress. He is given a star every time he exhibits a good behavior the star will act as an external stimulus and the child would put more effort to get more star, thus the child is conditioned to show good behavior.

These two types of learning is happening continuously in our life and these are intertwined.

Hayet Jeridi answered 10 months ago

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