Question

CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING

Instructions: Design your own examples of Classical and Operant Conditioning

Design Examples of:

1.         Classical Conditioning

Before Conditioning

            Neutral Stimulus

            (                                      )

            Unconditioned Stimulus         ®           Unconditioned Response

            (                                      )        ®           (                                       )

During Conditioning

            Neutral Stimulus

            (                                      )        followed by

            Unconditioned Stimulus         ®           Unconditioned Response

            (                                      )        ®           (                                       )

After Conditioning

            Conditioned Stimulus             ®           Conditioned Response

            (                                      )        ®           (                                       )

2.         Operant Conditioning

            a. Positive Reinforcement ̶̶

            b. Negative Reinforcement ̶̶

            c. Punishment ̶̶

06-27-12-2c

Answer 1

Classical Conditioning - Is defined as a basic form of learning in which one stimulus comes to serve as a signal for occurrence of a second stimulus.

The example here would be that of conditioning a child to do a task using a reward

Before Conditioning

Neutral Stimulus

(Asking to do a task)

           

Unconditioned Stimulus         ®         Unconditioned Response

(Favorite sweet)                      ®         (Do as asked)

During Conditioning

Neutral Stimulus

(Asking to do a task)              followed by

Unconditioned Stimulus         ®         Unconditioned Response

(Favorite sweet)                      ®         (Do as asked)

After Conditioning

Conditioned Stimulus             ®         Conditioned Response

(Asking to do a task                ®         (Do as asked)

Operant Conditioning - In this, the individual makes a response in attempt to achieve a desired goal. The individual "operates on" or modifies the environment; hence the term Operant.

a. Positive Reinforcement ̶̶ Positive Reinforcement is a stimulus that strengthens the responses that precede them.

Best example would be that of having a job. Going to work, and having a job in return for receiving a pay (positive reinforcement) is a classic example of Positive reinforcement of operant conditioning.

b. Negative Reinforcement ̶̶ Negative Reinforcement is a stimulus that helps avoid aversive stimuli or response by strengthening other responses.

A child misbehaves every time you take them out with you to shop. To make it stop you give them their favorite sweet (negative reinforcement). This stops the misbehavior, but this also causes an expectation of sweet by the child every time you shop (increase in other behavior).

c. Punishment ̶̶   Punishment is a procedure by which the application or removal of Stimulus decreases the strength of a behavior. There are 2 types of Punishment. Positive Punishment is a procedure in which the application aversive Stimulus decreases the strength of preceding behavior. Negative Punishment is a procedure in which the removal of Stimulus (reinforcing stimulus) decreases the strength of preceding behavior (negative or undesired behavior).

Positive punishment - When a child does not do his/her homework, he/she does not get to watch their favorite cartoon on the television (positive punishment). This will decrease the behavior of skipping homework.

Negative Punishment - When you get fined and your license suspended (negative punishment) for drinking and driving. Your money as well as your license are taken (reinforcing stimulus) for decreasing the behavior of driving under influence.