Name and discuss at least three principles of communication (as discussed in the textbook). Explain detailed elements of each of the principles you have chosen. Also, respond to the following question: Do you think communication is essential in business for people oriented and technical career success? 150 words

Communication Principles

A more sophisticated understanding of how communication operates begins with some fundamental principles.

Communication Is Unavoidable A fundamental axiom of communication is “One cannot not communicate.”¹⁷ As you will learn in Chapter 4, facial expression, posture, gesture, clothing, and a host of other behaviors offer cues about our attitudes. The notion that we are always communicating means we send messages even by our absence. Failing to show up at an event or leaving the room suggests meaning to others. Because communication is unavoidable, it is essential to consider the unintentional messages you send.

Communication Is Strategic Almost all communication is aimed at achieving goals. On the job, the most obvious type is instrumental communication, or messages aimed at accomplishing the task at hand. Your manager is communicating instrumentally when she says, “I need that report by noon,” and you are pursuing instrumental goals when you ask, “How long does the report need to be?” People are not always direct in their communication about instrumental goals. Saying, “Wow—look at the time!” could be an implicit message designed to accomplish the task of ending a conversation. Furthermore, in a negotiation, your “final offer” may actually be a bargaining ploy to get a better deal.

A second set of goals involves relational communication, or messages that shape and reflect the way people regard one another. Building positive relationships is not just about being sociable; a positive climate in the workplace also helps us accomplish instrumental goals. Conversely, a negative relationship can make it difficult, or even impossible, to accomplish the task at hand.

Virtually all messages contain both instrumental and relational dimensions. When a customer service representative asks, “How can I help you?” the instrumental nature of this question is obvious. But the way the question is asked shapes the tenor of the relationship between the rep and the customer—rushed or deliberate, sincere or phony, friendly or unfriendly.¹⁸

A third, less obvious reason we communicate involves identity management, which is the practice of presenting yourself in ways that produce a preferred image and distinctive sense of self. To understand this concept, list 10 words or phrases that describe the way you would like others to see you on the job. Your list probably includes terms such as competent, trustworthy, and efficient. (Be sure to complete your own list before reading on.) Taken together, the attributes on this list (and many others) make up the professional identity you want to create. Next, think about the ways you communicate, both verbally and nonverbally, to get others to accept your identity. If being calm under pressure is part 7of your preferred identity, what do you say or do to project that quality? If you want others to see you as knowledgeable, how do you communicate to create that impression?

As these examples show, communication is often strategic; in other words, we intentionally craft messages for the purpose of achieving instrumental, relational, and identity goals. However, we do not always realize that we are being strategic in our communication. Think about the last time you met a new person. You probably did not have the following thoughts running through your mind: “Must look confident and friendly! Firm handshake! Direct eye contact! Remember to smile!” While many of these behaviors are performed subconsciously, crafting a thoughtful strategy to achieve your goals can boost the odds you will succeed.

The authors of this book suggest a variety of communication strategies you can use to achieve your goals and the goals of the organizations with which you are involved. Many of these strategies focus on specific work-related contexts, such as interviews, meetings, and presentations. Others will be useful in almost every professional context where you want to enhance your professional identity, manage relationships, and get the job done most effectively.

At first, the notion of strategic communication might seem unethical. In reality, communicating purposefully is not necessarily dishonest. For example, organizational spokespersons must be strategic in how they phrase their messages when communicating with the public during a crisis event. If family members are grieving over the loss of a loved one due to a workplace accident, a spokesperson may strategically choose to acknowledge that they are hurting, rather than saying, “I know how you feel.” The guidelines on pp. 22–24 show that it is possible to be strategic while still respecting others’ rights and needs.

Communication Is Irreversible At one time or another, everyone has wished they could take back words they regretted uttering. Unfortunately, this is not possible. Our words and deeds are recorded in others’ memories, and we cannot erase them. As the old saying goes, people may forgive, but they do not forget. In fact, the more vigorously you try to erase an act, the more vividly it may stand out.

Communication Is a Process It is not accurate to talk about an “act” of communication, as if sending or receiving a message were an isolated event. Rather, every communication event needs to be examined as part of its communication context. As an example, suppose your boss responds to your request for a raise by saying, “I was going to ask you to take a cut in pay!” How would you react? The answer probably depends on several factors: Is your boss a joker or a serious person? How does the comment fit into the history of your relationship—have your boss’s remarks been critical or supportive in the past? How does the message fit with ones you have received from other people? What kind of mood are you in today? All these questions show that the meaning of a message depends in part on what has happened before the message. Each message is part of a process: It does not occur in isolation.

Communication Is Not a Panacea Panacea comes from the Greek word panakeia, meaning “all-healing.” Just as alchemists during the Renaissance believed there was an elixir that would give eternal life, some individuals today believe that communication is a cure-all for all problems. Although communication can certainly smooth out the bumps and straighten the road to success, misunderstandings and ill feelings may still occur.¹⁹ Even effective communication cannot solve all problems. In some situations, the parties may understand one another perfectly yet still disagree. These limitations are important to understand as you begin to study communication on the job. Boosting your communication skills may increase your effectiveness, but improvements in those skills will not be a remedy for every situation that you encounter.

Discuss three ways Affirmative Action and Equal Employment policies affect the hiring process in the US.

2. Define New Terms: Free Fall Acceleration, Air Resistance, and Terminal Velocity.

3. Offer a brief explanation for the discrepancy between the accelerations of the small and large balls for free falling.

Identify McDonald's competitive advantage in its primary industry. (its primary industry is the one in which it has the most sales).
Evaluate McDonald's against the four generic building blocks of competitive advantage:
-efficiency
-quality
-innovation and
-responsiveness to customers.
(preferably typed)

How does ADHD affect and impact children in grade school K-12? Please explain your answer in detail. For example, write a few or a couple of paragraphs about how a child's academic performance, learning, and grades are impacted by ADHD. Are stimulants the only way for children with ADHD to succeed in school?

In the current year, Azure Company has $350,000 of taxable income income before deducting any compensation or other payment to its sole owner, Sasha. Azure also has interest on municipal bonds of $25,000 not included above. Sasha has significant income from other sources and is in the 37% marginal tax bracket and is otherwise in the 20% long-term gain tax bracket. Based on this information, determine the income tax consequences to Azure Company and to Sasha during the year for each of the following independent situations. (Ignore the deduction for qualified business income and the 3.8% Medicare surtax on net investment income.)

1. Azure is a C corporation and pays no dividends or salary to Sasha. Azure and Sasha  .

2. Azure is a C corporation and distributes $75,000 of dividends to Sasha. Azure and Sasha  .

3. Azure is a C corporation and pays $75,000 of salary to Sasha. Azure and Sasha  .

4. Azure is a sole proprietorship, and Sasha withdraws $0. Azure  and Sasha  .

5. Azure is a sole proprietorship, and Sasha withdraws $75,000. Azure and Sasha  .

At 1 atm, how much energy is required to heat 93.0 g of H2O(s) at –16.0 °C to H2O(g) at 153.0 °C?

6. L’Oréal (a large multinational cosmetics manufacturer) has launched ‘Make-up Genius’ which is a smartphone app that allows consumers to see how L’Oréal cosmetics will look when applied to the customer’s face. Consumers can buy L’Oréal products directly from the app.

a) In general, what functions are performed by channel intermediaries?

b) Explain how the functions performed by channel intermediaries in the sale of cosmetics may change as a result of the introduction of this app.

c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to L’Oréal of this new product.

What are the Federal requirements for social services staffing in Medicare/Medicaid certified nursing homes, and do all social services staff have to be licensed social workers?   How do those requirements differ from state social services requirements, especially in the state of MD, and what proposed changes may take place in 2021 affecting social services staffing?

Identify and describe 2 key roles of social services staff in nursing homes, and how will the importance of social workers grow with the new Federal Long-Term Care Survey? Do you see any new roles for social workers with the onset of the temporary COVID 19 requirements?

What are resident and family councils, are they present in all types of long-term care communities, and how do they help to promote communication with administration as well as support resident rights?

1. A pharmacy is using X bar and R charts to record the time it takes to fill a prescription after the customer has turned in or called in the prescription. Each day, the pharmacy records the times it takes to fill six prescriptions. During a 30-day period, the hospital obtained the following values: X double bar = 20 minutes; R bar = 4 minutes. The upper and lower specifications are 23 minutes and 13 minutes respectively. What is the value of 6 sigma, to one decimal place?

Consider the following two statements:

1) Unions served a useful purpose in the past but have outlived their usefulness.

2) Unions are needed today as much as they have been in the past. Without unions, wages and working conditions of the average employee would deteriorate.

Chose one of the statements and write a one page paper in support of the position.

What are the different options for converting a subtype-supertype hierarchy to relational tables?

Explain how the foreign key constraint maintains referential integrity between two tables when the database is inserted, updated, or deleted. What are the different 'referential actions' (foreign key rules) that can be specified?

Based on a recent​ study, the pH level of the arterial cord​ (one vessel in the umbilical​ cord) is normally distributed with mean 7.36 and standard deviation of 0.11. Find the percentage of preterm infants who have the following arterial cord pH levels.

a. pH levels between 7.00 and 7.50.

b. pH levels over 7.44.