Question

In: Physics

Scientists are working on a new technique to kill cancer cells by zapping them with ultrahigh-energy...

Scientists are working on a new technique to kill cancer cells by zapping them with ultrahigh-energy (in the range of 10¹² W) pulses of electromagnetic waves that last for an extremely short time (a few nanoseconds). These short pulses scramble the interior of a cell without causing it to explode, as long pulses would do. We can model a typical such cell as a disk 4.0 μm in diameter, with the pulse lasting for 3.8 ns with an average power of 1.71×10¹² W . We shall assume that the energy is spread uniformly over the faces of 100 cells for each pulse.

1. How much energy is given to the cell during this pulse?

2. What is the intensity (in W/m²) delivered to the cell?

3. What is the maximum value of the electric field in the pulse?

4. What is the maximum value of the magnetic field in the pulse?

Solutions

Expert Solution

This energy is spread uniformly over the faces of 100 cells. so Energy recieved by one cell is -

, is the area of the cell

3. Energy density of an Electromagnetic wave is given by the formula,

Also,

Intensity,

c is the speed of the electromagnetic wave

therefore,

Peak value of the electric field is,

(multiplying to the rms value)

4. Peak value of the magnetic field is,

genius_generous answered 1 year ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

Scientists are working on a new technique to kill cancer cells by zapping them with ultrahigh-energy...

Scientists are working on a new technique to kill cancer cells by zapping them with ultrahigh-energy (in the range of 1012 W) pulses of electromagnetic waves that last for an extremely short time (a few nanoseconds). These short pulses scramble the interior of a cell without causing it to explode, as long pulses would do. We can model a typical such cell as a disk 5.6 μm in diameter, with the pulse lasting for 3.0 ns with an average power...

In proton beam therapy, a beam of high-energy protons is used to kill cancerous cells in...

In proton beam therapy, a beam of high-energy protons is used to kill cancerous cells in a tumor. In one system, the beam, which consists of protons with an energy of 2.8×10−11J, has a current of 72 nA. The protons in the beam mostly come to rest within the tumor. The radiologist has ordered a total dose corresponding to 3.8×10−3J of energy to be deposited in the tumor. Part A How many protons strike the tumor each second? Express your...

Cancer cells have a high need for RNA, DNA, as well as energy (ATP) as they...

Cancer cells have a high need for RNA, DNA, as well as energy (ATP) as they rapidly divide. A precursor to the building blocks of RNA and DNA is Ribose-5-P (R-5-P). A high sugar diet has been shown to accelerate cancer growth. In terms of cellular metabolism, explain why a high sugar diet might be able to fulfill cancer cells high need for RNA, DNA, and ATP. For any metabolic pathways that intersect, be sure to identify the intermediate(s) that...

Which technique would you use to analyze and compare gene expression between normal cells and cancer...

Which technique would you use to analyze and compare gene expression between normal cells and cancer cells to identify differences in mRNA expression between these cell types? Explain each steps reasoning.

What characteristics of a cancer cell differentiates them from normal cells in terms of functionality? Are...

What characteristics of a cancer cell differentiates them from normal cells in terms of functionality? Are the protein receptors different? Biochemical associated with or released from cancer cells?

1- Cytotoxic T cells recognize and kill host cells infected by viruses. They recognize these cells...

1- Cytotoxic T cells recognize and kill host cells infected by viruses. They recognize these cells by the foreign antigen displayed on the host cell’s: MHC I molecules MHCII molecules toll like receptors 2- Clonal selection: can be caused by vaccinations explains why the immune system responds stronger to a second infection than a first results in antibody specificity following a bacterial infection all of the above 3- Which of the following describes...

Cell Cancer: a. In what ways are cancer cells different from normal cells in terms of...

Cell Cancer: a. In what ways are cancer cells different from normal cells in terms of properties and behavior? b. What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene?

As an engineer working for Thomson Pharmaceutical, you are in charge of developing a new cancer...

As an engineer working for Thomson Pharmaceutical, you are in charge of developing a new cancer drug. The new drug is to be used as a supplement to a well established, currently used drug to reduce tumor sizes in lung cancer patients. Previous studies have shown that the currently-used drug results in an average reduction in tumor mass of 38.7% after 8 weeks of use. To study the effects of the new supplement, you had 16 patients who were given...

In addition to energy needs, cancer cells also need metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis. Explain how increased...

In addition to energy needs, cancer cells also need metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis. Explain how increased reliance on glycolysis would be beneficial in this respect. Glycolysis offers a growth advantage to cancers growing under hypoxic conditions. Why might this be the case? (Hint: what is the product of anaerobic glycolysis?) A decrease in oxidative phosphorylation also leads to a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Why might this be an advantage for cancer cells?

Highly invasive cancer cells usually express less __________, a key adhesion molecule. Cancer cells secrete an...

Highly invasive cancer cells usually express less __________, a key adhesion molecule. Cancer cells secrete an activator of the enzyme ________ to degrade basal lamina and extracellular matrix and activate matrix metalloproteinases. An individual can inherit a gene in which expression has been altered by an __________ change with no mutation of the gene sequence. Finding the _____ ________ virus in chickens established the first association between viral infection and cancer.

Subjects