Question

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder in regulating blood glucose levels and results in hyperglycemia. Inulin and glucagon are two important hormones secreted by the pancreas to control our blood glucose level.

Write a short essay discussing:

the role of inulin and glucagon in blood glucose homeostasis;

the development of diabetes by applying the concept of homeostatic disorder.

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus is the endocrinological disease almost affecting 40 % of the world's population now a days.

There are two types of diabetes in the people based on its origin and pathogenesis, they are type 1 and type 2 respectively.

In type 1 diabetes the insulin secreting islet cells in pancrease decreases in number mostly due to autoimmunity thus insulin concentrations decreases in blood so glucose accumulates in blood due to lack of insulin dependent glucose transportation into cells. Thus hyperglycemia appears, it occurs mostly in young age group and the treatment is insulin substitution as a life long therapy as the degenerated pancreatic cells cannot regenerate. So it is called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

In type 2 DM the insulin is present in blood but glucose uptake by the cells are massively decreased leading to hyperglycemia, obesity and sedentary life styles and elderly people are most risk factors for type 2 DM, so regular exercises, diet control and anti diabetic drugs are the most effective treatment, insulin is taken in advanced conditions for providing concentration dependent glucose transportation into cells.

Glucagon is also a Harmone secreted by pancrease to control glucose levels in the blood. Insulin decreases blood glucose levels and glucagon increases blood glucose levels.

Thus endocrinological Harmones control blood glucose levels.