Question

For energy engineers;

Review the mechanical design features materials, construction and so on of two types of energy storage system.

please talk about it deeply like an article. much explanation needed.

Answer 1

ARTICLE ON SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM :

With fossil fuel problems in recent times in terms of health , envoirnment effect we have seen after first earth summit in 1992 rio brazil where some concensus came for sustainable devlopement and recently we have seen world pushing with renewable energy to get on borad with devlopement in envoirnment friendly way.

Now with paris accord in 2015 among nation by UNFCC(united nation framework on climate change)most CO2 emmiting countries have come aboard on renewable technology.Now countries like INDIA and china pushing higher on going with solar energy to harness there solar radiation.There are many challeges they have to face on among that is solar energy .Before going deep in solar lets talk about some basic things required to make solar power plant.

Components required for solar plant:

1)Site with better solar radiation

2)climate Data to decide MPPT(maximum power point ) which site can give

3)Land acquisation from farmers or land owneres this some time delays the work due to legal frame work of particular country.

4)Equipment manufacturing like pv sell arrays ,batteries to store energy ,substation.

5)SCADA based system for connecting the power to grid .

TYPES of solar power plant

fixed tilt and single axis tracking mounting structures.

Fixed tilt are rack mounted systems with the panels installed at a fixed angle.

Single axis tracking systems employ an actuator system that rotates so that it can harness maximum energy from sun.

MECHNICALLY SPEAKING:

Fixed tilt systems is of less weight, cheap.less energy production as compared to single axix of same rating.

Single axis tracking systems is bulky (requiring deeper piers for footings).

HOW TO CHOOSE PV PANEL?

This is very important because this factor decides your output energy supply at which you want to sell this energy to consumer and if it is right than firm faces loss.

These two panel types are mono/poly-silicon and thin film.

Mono- or poly-silicon is efficent material to be used for pv cell making.But it has issue as its weight is little more and this also at high cost. so if you are designing plant where you desire high output power with efficent units they are the best choice.

Next material which are used widely is thin films .low efficent low cost and less weight .

so for small plant or home application these type of materials are used .

Now the point is of energy that is getting generated by solar plant needs to be stored .

But the question is why we cannt feed it directly into system.

Reason is very clear .To connect the plant into grid every grid has grid code if plant is not meeting particular criteria of constant volatge and frequency and other real and reactive power requirement or not able to provide constant power as contracted than all go in waste .

so to meet all these we need battery banks convertor units to convert dc supply into ac supply so that constant volatge and frequency can be maintained even when sun radiation is fluctuating or not there.

now next think is with energy storage that one must keep them working such that they shoud be maintained and disposed envoirnment friendly way. also the area covered by these battery units are significant.Thats why,

there are huge research going on bettery storge which uses rare earth materials like lithium and as we know they very less on earth thats why space exploration is going on many planet to dig them out.

Also scientist are working on reduce its size for many application like electric car which all of us seeing as future after elon musk space ealk of electric man. So its is very clear if we want to use these renewable technology considerable amount of research is required but we shourd also see that only energy generated is not envoirnment friendly but energy disposed must also be envoirnment friendly.