Question

1. Why is trunking important to VLAN configuration?
2. By default, traffic from which VLANs are allowed on trunk ports?
3. How do ports work in multiple VLAN environments?
4. What happens during STP convergence?
5. With respect to routing, what is a packet?
6. What does the next-hop signify?
7. What is the function of a routing table?
8. What is the difference between static and dynamic routing?
9. How does a distance vector routing protocol differ from a link-state routing protocol?
10. What is the difference between RIP and RIPv2? Why is this important in today's networks?
11. How does NAT work?
12. What is port forwarding?
13. What is the difference between NAT and PAT?
14. Which IP addresses are considered private and guaranteed not to be used on the internet

Answer 1

A packet is a smallest unit of data that has to be transferred over network. The networking can be done by routing where data is shared or trannsfered from one routing point to another.

The next hop signify the path which the packet will consider to take while moving from source to destination.

A routing table is normally kind of a database which stores the information about packets and the path which they will take to reach destination point. This table is already created in advance when destination point is alloted. This is know as routing table as the routing information can be found in that table.

The difference between the static and dynamic routing is pretty straight forward. In static routing there is no change in routing table unless it is modified manually or by a network admin.
Whereas in dynamic routing the routes get updated as and when the network changes. The network changes because its dynamic in nature. So the information in routing table is not fixed.

NAT or network address translation is a way that translates one IP address into another. Or we can say it translates private IP into public IP so that the packet can be globally routable.

port forwarding is an application of NAT that helps to redirect a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway such as a router or firewall.

The difference between NAT and PAT is that NAT is used to map public IP addresses to private IP addresses and it can be a one-to-one or many-to-one relation. Whereas, PAT is a type of NAT where the multiple private IP addresses are mapped into a single public IP (many-to-one) by using ports.

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
These IP addresses are considered as private.